Can Antlers Damage a Dog's Teeth? A Veterinarian's Perspective
Antler chews, derived from the naturally shed antlers of deer, elk, or moose, have become popular dog treats. Marketed as natural, mineral-rich, and long-lasting, they claim to help with destructive behaviors and maintain dental hygiene. However, growing concerns among veterinarians and dental specialists highlight the potential dangers these chews pose.
Why Antlers Are Problematic for Dogs
- Tooth Fractures: Antlers are extremely hard and brittle. Many dogs, especially aggressive chewers, can easily crack or break their upper premolars while gnawing on them. These injuries may require root canals or even extractions, often at significant cost and discomfort for the dog.
- Choking Hazards: As dogs chew on antlers, small fragments may splinter off and get lodged in their throat, posing a risk for choking or esophageal obstruction. Symptoms include gagging, excessive drooling, and regurgitation.
- Gastrointestinal Obstructions: If swallowed, antler pieces can become lodged in the stomach or intestines, causing potentially dangerous blockages that might require emergency surgery.
Veterinary Opinion on Antler Chews
Numerous studies and informal surveys among veterinary professionals show that over 90% do not recommend antlers under any circumstances. Fractured teeth and oral injuries are commonly reported outcomes of their use.
Risks for Specific Dog Groups
- Puppies: Their developing teeth and jaws make them especially vulnerable. Chewing on hard objects like antlers can misalign or damage baby teeth.
- Senior Dogs: Older dogs with dental disease or worn teeth are at increased risk for fractures and other complications.
Types of Antlers and Misconceptions
Some owners believe that certain types of antlers are safer than others, such as:
- Split Elk Antlers: These expose the marrow and are often softer, but they can still be too hard for many dogs.
- Moose Antlers: Softer interior, but risks like choking and obstruction persist.
Veterinarians stress that no antler type is completely safe and even previously tolerant dogs can suffer sudden injury.
Safer Alternatives to Antler Chews
There are many other options that are safer and still satisfying for dogs who love to chew:
- Rubber Toys: Brands like Kong and Zogoflex produce flexible, durable items that are gentle on teeth.
- Rope Toys: Good for tugging and mild chewing, plus they support dental health through natural flossing action.
- VOHC-Approved Chews: Products endorsed by the Veterinary Oral Health Council have proven dental benefits and are tested for safety.
- Softer Treats: Frozen fruits like bananas or apples (without seeds) offer safer chewing enrichment, especially for puppies.
Veterinary Guidelines for Evaluating Chew Toys
Veterinary dentists offer a practical guideline: If you can’t comfortably tap the toy against your kneecap, it’s too hard for your dog’s teeth. Avoid chews such as:
- Nylon Bones
- Large Rawhides
- Hooves
- Pig Ears
- Bully Sticks
- Weight-bearing Bones
Best Practices for Safe Dog Chewing
- Supervision: Always watch your dog when introducing a new chew.
- Inspection: Frequently check the chew for splintering or excessive wear.
- Size Management: Replace chews once they become small enough to swallow.
- Tailored Choices: Consider your dog’s age, chew habits, and dental history when selecting toys.
Conclusion
Though antler chews come with enticing claims and satisfied anecdotes, they pose real and significant risks. For every dog that enjoys antlers safely, countless others experience dental fractures, choking, or gastrointestinal problems. A better approach is to choose safer alternatives and consult your veterinarian regularly. After all, preventive dental care and thoughtful selection of chew products contribute more effectively to your pet’s health and happiness.
