Understanding Why Dominant Dogs Lick Other Dogs
When it comes to canine social behavior, licking is one of the most misunderstood actions. While many assume that only submissive dogs lick to show respect or appeasement, licking can actually be performed by both dominant and submissive dogs depending on the context. Understanding the nuances of this behavior helps pet owners build stronger, healthier relationships between their pets.
What Does Dog Licking Really Mean?
Licking serves a variety of functions in the dog communication system. Some of the most common reasons dogs lick one another include:
- Grooming: Dogs often lick to help clean each other, especially in hard-to-reach areas.
- Bonding: Licking helps solidify pack bonds by triggering the release of oxytocin, the bonding hormone.
- Submissive Behavior: In many cases, a more submissive dog will lick the muzzle of a dominant dog as a sign of respect.
- Attention-seeking: Dogs may lick others to get their attention or elicit play.
- Appeasement behavior: This can act as a calming signal during tense encounters.
Do Dominant Dogs Lick as Well?
Yes, dominant dogs can and do lick other dogs. However, their reasons and the manner in which they do it may differ. For example, a dominant dog might lick another dog in a slower, more deliberate way. This can be seen as a form of control or establishing social equilibrium rather than submission.
In situations where lick exchanges are mutual, it can help maintain a peaceful pack dynamic. Dominant dogs who feel secure may use licking to reinforce bonds with members of their group. Licking does not exclusively signify submission—it can also reflect cooperation, care, and leadership in social mammals like dogs.
How to Interpret Dog Licking Behavior
To understand whether a lick is submissive or dominant, you'll need to observe additional body language:
- Submissive licking: Often accompanied by lowered body posture, ears back, and averting eyes.
- Dominant licking: May be paired with upright posture, stovepipe tail position, and direct gaze.
- Mutual grooming: Indicates cooperative and friendly relationships, especially in multi-dog households.
- Play signals: Play bows and wiggling bodies typically mean the licking is playful and endearing.
Common Misconceptions
- Only submissive dogs lick: False. Both high-ranking and low-ranking dogs exhibit licking behaviors for various purposes.
- Licking always means affection: Not always. Sometimes it can be an attempt to establish control or soften tension.
- Licking equals dominance: Not necessarily. Licking can support hierarchical bonds without asserting control.
How Pet Owners Should Respond
Rather than immediately interpreting a dog’s licking as submissive or dominant, consider these steps:
- Observe full body language: Look at tails, posture, ears, and the context of the interaction.
- Know your dog’s personality: A dog who licks frequently may be prone to gentle or caregiving behavior.
- Watch for stress signals: Excessive licking can indicate anxiety in dogs and may require attention.
- Encourage positive interactions: Reinforce calm, friendly interactions between dogs using treats or praise.
Conclusion
Licking is a multifaceted behavior that cannot be reduced to a simple sign of submission or dominance. Dominant dogs may lick to express leadership, care, or reinforce social ties, just as submissive dogs may lick as an appeasement gesture. With careful observation and knowledge of each dog's individual traits, owners can better understand what their dogs are communicating through such actions.
