How to Tell When Your Dog Is About to Start Labor
Recognizing the signs that your dog is about to give birth is crucial for ensuring a safe and smooth whelping process. While every dog is different, there are common physical and behavioral changes that signal the onset of labor. Understanding these cues can help you provide proper care and reduce complications during delivery.
1. Watch for Behavioral Changes
- Restlessness and pacing: Your dog may appear anxious, moving from one area to another as she struggles to get comfortable.
- Nesting behavior: She might start arranging blankets or seeking out a quiet, enclosed area where she feels safe to give birth.
- Loss of appetite: Many dogs stop eating 12–24 hours before labor begins.
- Seeking owner interaction: Some dogs become clingy and seek reassurance, while others may isolate themselves.
2. Monitor Physical Signs
- Drop in body temperature: A dog's normal temperature is around 101–102.5°F. When it drops below 99°F, labor is likely to begin within 12–24 hours.
- Vulvar discharge: A clear or slightly bloody discharge may indicate that labor is near.
- Enlarged and firm mammary glands: These indicate milk production and can be a pre-labor sign.
- Visible contractions: You may see rhythmic tightening of the abdominal muscles.
3. The Three Stages of Canine Labor
- Stage One – Cervical dilation: This lasts 6–12 hours, during which your dog will show signs of agitation, panting, and nesting.
- Stage Two – Delivery of puppies: Puppies are born at intervals of 30–60 minutes, though up to 2 hours can be normal. Encourage minimal interference unless there are signs of distress.
- Stage Three – Expulsion of placenta: Each placenta is delivered shortly after each puppy. Ensure one placenta is passed per puppy to avoid infection.
4. Preparing for Whelping
- Whelping box: Provide a clean, safe, and quiet area where your dog can give birth comfortably.
- Supplies: Gather clean towels, disposable gloves, sterile scissors, and antiseptic.
- Veterinary support: Have your vet’s contact information ready in case of complications.
5. When to Call a Veterinarian
- Your dog is in active labor for more than 2 hours without delivering a puppy.
- The gap between puppies is longer than 2 hours with active contractions.
- Your dog shows extreme lethargy, excessive bleeding, or signs of distress.
- A puppy appears stuck or is partially delivered for more than 15 minutes.
Being prepared and observant during the final stages of your dog’s pregnancy can make a significant difference in her health and the well-being of her puppies. If in doubt, always seek professional veterinary help.
