Understanding the Lifespan of Dogs with Degenerative Myelopathy
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive neurological condition in dogs that closely resembles amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans. It is characterized by the gradual loss of mobility, beginning with the hind limbs and eventually spreading to other parts of the body. Managing this condition involves understanding its course, symptom progression, and the supportive measures that can be taken to enhance your pet’s quality of life.
What is Degenerative Myelopathy?
Degenerative myelopathy is a
non-painful, progressive disease of the spinal cord, primarily affecting
middle-aged to older dogs. The disease typically begins with a gradual loss of coordination and muscle weakness, eventually leading to complete paralysis.
Common Symptoms of DM
The early signs of DM are often subtle but typically include:
- Knuckling of hind paws
- Scraping of feet on the ground
- Muscle mass loss
- Swaying gait
- Crossing hind legs while walking
- Difficulty rising from a lying position
As the disease advances, symptoms include:
- Paralysis of hind limbs
- Loss of urinary and fecal continence
- Impaired breathing and forelimb weakness in late stages
How Long Can Dogs Live With Degenerative Myelopathy?
The
progression of DM varies by individual, but the general timeline is:
- Symptoms typically begin between 4 and 14 years of age
- Paraplegia (loss of mobility in hind limbs) develops within 6 to 12 months of diagnosis
- Life expectancy is generally 1 to 2 years following symptom onset
- Some dogs may live longer with intensive supportive care and physical therapy
Although the condition is considered non-painful, affected dogs may suffer discomfort due to
secondary issues like arthritis or anxiety related to mobility loss.
Genetics and Breeds at Risk
DM is closely associated with a mutation in the
SOD1 gene. Susceptible breeds include:
- German Shepherds
- Pembroke & Cardigan Welsh Corgis
- Boxers
- Golden Retrievers
- Standard & Miniature Poodles
- Siberian Huskies
- Bernese Mountain Dogs
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Over 40 breeds may carry the gene mutation, though
not all genetically at-risk dogs develop the disease. Environmental factors and additional genetic elements may influence onset and progression.
Diagnosis of Degenerative Myelopathy
DM is a
diagnosis of exclusion, as no definitive live-animal test exists. Veterinarians typically use the following to rule out other conditions:
- Neurological exams
- Radiographs (x-rays)
- MRI and CT imaging
- DNA testing for the SOD1 mutation
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
A final diagnosis is only possible postmortem via
microscopic examination of spinal cord tissue.
Managing and Supporting Dogs With DM
While there is no cure, the focus shifts to
maintaining quality of life and slowing disease progression:
Physical Therapies:
- Hydrotherapy (swimming)
- Physiotherapy and routine exercise
Mobility Aids:
- Dog wheelchairs or carts
- Slings and harnesses
- Booties to prevent paw injury
- Ramps for ease of movement
Home Care:
- Frequent turning for immobile dogs to prevent sores
- Absorbent bedding and urinary care
- Monitoring and treating concurrent conditions (e.g., UTIs, arthritis)
Nutrition and Supplements:
- Maintain healthy body weight to reduce strain on joints
- Some owners try supplements, though their efficacy varies
Prognosis and End-of-Life Considerations
Most dogs with degenerative myelopathy eventually lose their ability to walk and may experience incontinence and respiratory complications. When mobility, comfort, and joy in life deteriorate, many owners must consider
humane euthanasia.
A veterinary neurologist or rehabilitation specialist can be invaluable in creating the best possible care plan. The key goal is to ensure the animal’s
dignity, health, and comfort for as long as possible.
Conclusion
Degenerative myelopathy presents a heartbreaking journey for dogs and their owners. Although
incurable and progressive, timely supportive care, physical therapy, and a well-managed environment can make a meaningful difference. By understanding the disease and being proactive in management, pet owners can extend their dog's quality of life and provide compassionate support through every stage.
