Understanding Fever Symptoms in Dogs
Recognizing when a dog has a fever can be challenging, especially since they can't tell us how they're feeling. Understanding the signs and behaviors associated with canine fever is crucial for timely care and recovery. A fever in dogs is defined as a body temperature higher than 103°F. The normal body temperature for dogs ranges from 101°F to 102.5°F, which is slightly higher than that of humans.
Common Behavioral Signs of Fever in Dogs
A dog with a fever may show subtle or pronounced changes in behavior. These can include:
- Lethargy – The dog may sleep more than usual or seem uninterested in usual activities.
- Loss of appetite – A sudden disinterest in food or difficulty finishing meals.
- Shivering – Dogs may tremble or exhibit chills as their bodies attempt to regulate temperature.
- Panting – This may occur even when the dog hasn't been physically active.
- Vomiting and diarrhea – Signs that often accompany fever arising from infection or ingestion of a toxin.
- Coughing or nasal discharge – Respiratory symptoms commonly seen with infections.
- Glassiness in the eyes or red eyes – A noticeable difference in the eyes, often linked to fever.
- Warm ears and nose – These areas may feel hot to the touch though not reliable fever indicators.
- Depression – General withdrawal or lack of engagement with people and surroundings.
Causes of Fever in Dogs
Fevers in dogs can have numerous causes, ranging from mild to life-threatening:
- Infections – Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections affecting various organs or systems.
- Ear infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Infected wounds – Such as bites or scratches.
- Dental issues – Tooth abscesses or infections.
- Toxic ingestion – Consuming harmful foods, plants, or human medications.
- Vaccinations – Temporary low-grade fever after immunization.
- Autoimmune diseases
- Inflammatory conditions
- Cancer
Sometimes, the origin of the fever cannot be pinpointed, and this is referred to as a Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO).
How to Check for a Fever
The most accurate way to determine if a dog has a fever is by using a rectal digital thermometer. Here is how to do it:
- Lubricate the thermometer with petroleum jelly or a water-based product.
- Gently insert it about one inch into the dog’s rectum.
- Have someone help restrain your dog calmly if possible.
- Wait for a reading, usually under a minute.
Do not rely on ear thermometers meant for humans, as they are not accurate for dogs.
When to Seek Veterinary Help
A dog should be seen by a veterinarian if:
- Fever exceeds 103°F
- Temperature rises to 106°F or higher – an emergency situation.
- Fever lasts longer than 24 hours
- Additional symptoms develop, such as blood in vomit or stool, severe lethargy, or dehydration.
Home Care Tips for Managing a Fever
If the fever is between 103°F and 106°F, you can try to lower it at home:
- Apply cool (not cold) water with a damp cloth to the ears and paws.
- Use a fan to gently reduce body heat in dampened areas.
- Encourage small sips of water to prevent dehydration.
- Monitor the dog’s temperature regularly and stop cooling measures once it drops below 103°F.
Never give human fever medications like ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or aspirin, as these can be toxic and even fatal to dogs.
Veterinary Diagnosis and Treatment
Veterinarians may perform several diagnostic procedures to determine the cause of fever:
- Physical Examination
- Bloodwork and urinalysis
- Ultrasound or x-ray imaging
- Specific cultures or lab testing
Treatment may include:
- Antibiotics for bacterial infections
- Antifungal or antiviral drugs
- Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive therapy for immune-related diseases
- Cancer-specific treatment if applicable
Conclusion
Fever in dogs can be a sign of a minor illness but may also indicate a serious underlying issue. Knowing the signs of fever, accurately reading your dog’s body temperature, and understanding when to seek professional care can make all the difference. Timely diagnosis and treatment help ensure your furry friend recovers quickly and stays healthy.
