Treating a Cat's Third Eyelid Infection: What Pet Owners Should Know
The third eyelid, also known as the nictitating membrane, is a protective layer in cats that emerges from the inner corner of the eye. Though rarely visible in healthy felines, a sudden appearance or protrusion often signals an underlying condition that demands attention. If your cat’s third eyelid becomes inflamed or infected, timely diagnosis and veterinary care are essential.
Understanding the Third Eyelid’s Role
This anatomical feature has several crucial functions:
- Protection: Acts as a physical barrier against debris and trauma.
- Lubrication: Contributes significantly to tear film that keeps the eye moist.
- Immunity: Contains lymphoid tissue that helps fight infections within the eye.
Signs of Third Eyelid Infection or Prolapse
A visible third eyelid in cats can point to various health issues. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent visibility of the third eyelid, even when the cat is alert
- Discharge—clear, yellow, or green—indicating infection
- Redness and swelling of the eye
- Squinting or pawing at the face
- Behavior changes such as lethargy or reduced appetite
Common Causes of Third Eyelid Conditions
- Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye membrane), often due to feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis, or Mycoplasma
- Eye injuries—scratches, foreign bodies, or ulcers
- Systemic infections—such as respiratory issues
- Haws syndrome—symmetric third eyelid elevation with gastrointestinal upset
- Horner’s syndrome—neurological in nature, with other signs like sunken eyes
- Cherry eye—a prolapsed third eyelid gland
Due to the wide range of potential causes, a veterinary exam is critical for proper diagnosis.
Diagnostic Methods
Veterinarians may perform any of the following:
- Ophthalmoscopic exam of eye structures
- Fluorescein stain to detect corneal ulcers
- Schirmer tear test to assess tear production
- Blood tests to find systemic issues
- Urinalysis and imaging if systemic illness is suspected
Treatment Options
Treatment is based on the cause of the third eyelid’s appearance:
- Infectious conjunctivitis: Treated with topical eyedrops or ointments containing antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals. Oral medications may be prescribed for systemic infections.
- Cherry eye: Requires surgical repositioning to preserve tear function.
- Eye injuries: Clean the area and administer antibiotic drops or anti-inflammatory meds.
- Haws syndrome: Usually resolves on its own within a few weeks.
- Neurological causes: Medical attention focuses on treating the underlying nervous system condition.
Important Do’s and Don’ts
- Do: Keep the eye clean using a warm cotton ball.
- Do: Schedule a veterinary appointment as soon as the third eyelid becomes visible for more than a brief time.
- Don’t: Use over-the-counter or human eye medications without veterinary guidance.
- Don’t: Ignore signs of worsening symptoms like increasing discharge, swelling, or changes in pupil size.
Preventive Measures for Eye Health
- Regular eye inspections at home
- Prevent fights and injuries by keeping cats’ nails trimmed and supervising interactions
- Maintain a clean environment to reduce irritants and allergens
- Keep cats indoors to minimize exposure to infections and trauma
- Quarantine new pets before introducing them to your household
When to Seek Emergency Care
If your cat shows symptoms like vision loss, severe swelling, or significant behavioral changes, contact a veterinarian immediately. Eye conditions can progress rapidly and lead to permanent damage if untreated.
Conclusion
A cat’s third eyelid infection or inflammation can range from mild and self-limiting to serious conditions requiring intensive treatment. The key is quick and appropriate intervention to preserve your pet’s vision and comfort.
