Understanding How a Dog Feels When They Have a Fever
Just like humans, dogs can develop fevers, which signal an underlying problem such as an infection, inflammation, or other health issues. Unlike humans, however, dogs cannot communicate how they feel, so pet owners must be vigilant for behavioral and physical signs indicating a fever.
What is a Fever in Dogs?
A fever in dogs is defined as a body temperature above the normal range of 100°F to 102.5°F (38.1°C to 39.2°C). Any temperature higher than 103°F is considered a fever, while temperatures over 106°F require emergency veterinary intervention due to the risk of damage to internal organs.
Common Causes of Fever in Dogs
- Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections in the lungs, kidneys, ears, or other areas
- Tooth abscesses: Infected or broken teeth
- Wounds: Infected scratches or bites
- Autoimmune diseases: Immune system-related inflammation
- Cancer: Malignancies can trigger fevers
- Vaccinations: Often cause low-grade fevers for up to 48 hours
- Toxins: Ingesting harmful substances like antifreeze, medications, or toxic plants
- Unknown causes: Known as Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
How Dogs Feel and Act with a Fever
A dog with a fever may display a number of symptoms that indicate discomfort or illness. These symptoms are often behavioral and may include:
- Lethargy: Reduced energy and reluctance to play or move
- Loss of appetite: Unwillingness to eat or drink
- Shivering: May shake as if cold
- Vomiting or diarrhea: Gastrointestinal upset
- Dry, warm nose and ears: Physical heat changes
- Glassy or red eyes: Signs of distress or fever
- Coughing or panting: Respiratory symptoms
- Stiffness: Possible discomfort in joints or movement
- Rapid heart or breathing rate
- Dehydration: Less skin elasticity or sunken eyes
Behavioral changes often precede detectable changes in temperature. Watch for any noticeable shifts in a dog's behavior, including changes in their alertness, interaction with family members, or bathroom habits.
Accurately Measuring Your Dog’s Fever
The only reliable way to diagnose fever in a dog is by measuring its temperature. Here's how:
- Rectal temperature: Use a digital thermometer designed for pets; insert about one inch into the rectum with lubrication and help from another person if needed
- Ear thermometers: Offer a less invasive alternative but may be less consistent
- Not reliable: Nose temperature and moisture are poor indicators
Home Management Before Veterinary Care
If a dog’s temperature rises above 103°F, you should contact your vet. While awaiting instructions, you may:
- Apply cool wet towels: Especially to paws and ears
- Use a fan: To help dissipate heat
- Encourage water drinking: Small amounts frequently, never force-fed
Never give human medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to dogs, as they are extremely toxic to pets.
When to Seek Veterinary Help Immediately
Seek emergency care if the fever exceeds 106°F or is accompanied by:
- Severe dehydration
- Extreme lethargy
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
- Neurological symptoms
- Blood in stool or vomit
- Refusal to eat or drink
Veterinary Diagnosis and Treatment
Your vet may perform diagnostic tests including:
- Physical examination
- Blood tests (CBC, biochemistry)
- Urinalysis and cultures
- Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound
- Pathogen-specific tests: Cultures or antibody testing
Treatment depends on the cause:
- Antibiotics or antifungals for infections
- Immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune issues
- Fluids for dehydration and supportive care
- Oncological treatments for cancer
Prognosis and Monitoring
Most dogs recover well with early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Long-term damage is rare if addressed early, but persistent high fevers can be life-threatening. Knowing your dog’s normal body temperature and observing changes in behavior are key to early detection.
In conclusion, fevers in dogs often manifest as lethargy, discomfort, and noticeable shifts in behavior. Monitoring temperature accurately and consulting a veterinarian promptly ensures a safe and healthy recovery for your pet.
