Is Reverse Sneezing Harmful to Dogs?
Many dog owners are startled the first time they witness their pet experiencing a bout of reverse sneezing. It can appear dramatic and even distressing, with dogs standing still, extending their head and neck, and producing loud snorting or honking sounds. However, despite its alarming presentation, reverse sneezing is usually a harmless condition. To better understand what reverse sneezing is and how it affects your dog, let’s take a closer look at its causes, symptoms, and when to seek veterinary advice.
What Is Reverse Sneezing?
Reverse sneezing, medically referred to as paroxysmal respiration or inspiratory paroxysmal respiration, is a sudden, involuntary respiratory reflex. Unlike a regular sneeze that expels air outward, reverse sneezing pulls air into the nose, often resulting in a loud and peculiar noise. Episodes usually last a few seconds up to a minute and end with the dog returning to normal behavior as if nothing happened.
Common Triggers of Reverse Sneezing
The most common reason for reverse sneezing is irritation of the soft palate or the nasopharynx. These irritations may cause muscle spasms, temporarily narrowing the trachea and impeding airflow. Dogs then attempt to inhale forcefully through their nose, producing the distinctive sound associated with reverse sneezing.
- Environmental irritants: dust, pollen, household cleaners, air fresheners
- Strong odors: perfumes, colognes, smoke
- Physical stimuli: eating or drinking quickly, pulling on a leash or collar
- Biological factors: secretions, nasal mites, foreign bodies (such as grass)
- Medical conditions: allergies, infections, nasal masses, anatomical issues
Breeds More Prone to Reverse Sneezing
Certain dogs are more susceptible due to their anatomy. Small breeds and brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds like Pugs, Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, and French Bulldogs are at higher risk. Their elongated soft palates and narrow airways contribute to the increased frequency of reverse sneezing episodes. Additionally, dogs with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) may experience reverse sneezing more regularly.
Is It Harmful?
Despite how concerning it may look, reverse sneezing is usually harmless and self-resolving. The vast majority of dogs act entirely normal before and after an episode. There are typically no lingering effects, and treatment is seldom required. It’s not painful for the dog, even though the noises and behavior might alarm the owner.
When to See a Vet
In most cases, veterinary attention is not necessary. However, it's important for pet owners to be aware of signs that may point to more serious conditions. Consult a veterinarian if your dog shows any of the following:
- Frequent or prolonged episodes
- Difficulty breathing or gasping for air
- Coughing, choking, or nasal discharge
- Fainting or other concerning symptoms
- Suspected presence of a foreign object
- Episodes that seem different from previous ones
If in doubt, recording the episode for your veterinarian is a helpful diagnostic tool.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is typically based on your dog’s medical history and a description or video of the episode. Veterinarians will rule out more serious respiratory issues like upper respiratory infections, nasal tumors, or obstructions.
In some cases, further tests might be warranted:
- Blood tests
- Allergy screening
- X-rays
- Rhinoscopy (naso-endoscopy)
For recurring or severe episodes tied to an underlying condition, your veterinarian may recommend:
- Antihistamines or steroids for allergies
- Antiparasitic treatment for nasal mites
- Surgery for anatomical corrections (e.g., elongated soft palate)
- Environmental management like removing irritants
At-Home Management Tips
While waiting for the episode to pass, keep your dog calm. You may help shorten the episode by:
- Gently massaging your dog’s throat
- Briefly covering the nostrils to encourage swallowing
- Blowing gently on your dog’s face
Avoiding triggers—like intense odors, sudden excitement, or tight collars—can minimize episode frequency.
Reverse Sneezing in Cats
While much rarer, reverse sneezing can occur in cats. However, similar signs in cats may indicate more serious conditions like feline asthma, which requires veterinary attention.
Conclusion
Reverse sneezing is not harmful to dogs in most cases. Though it might catch you off guard, it generally resolves on its own and does not negatively impact your dog’s health. Regular veterinary check-ups and awareness of your dog’s usual behavior ensure swift action if anything unusual arises. If you are ever unsure whether your dog is experiencing a reverse sneeze or something more serious, always consult your veterinarian for peace of mind.
