Understanding the Side Effects of Atopica (Cyclosporine) in Cats
Atopica, also known by its generic name
cyclosporine, is a prescription medication frequently used to treat allergic skin disorders and immune-mediated diseases in cats. Approved by the FDA, this immunosuppressive drug is primarily intended for cats suffering from conditions such as
atopic dermatitis,
miliary dermatitis, and
eosinophilic granuloma complex. While Atopica is effective in controlling inflammation and alleviating severe itching, pet owners should be aware of its potential side effects.
How Atopica Works
Atopica works by inhibiting the activation of T-cells, which are key components of the immune response that contribute to skin inflammation and itching. By suppressing these immune responses, cyclosporine helps reduce the symptoms associated with allergic skin diseases in cats.
Common Side Effects
Cats taking Atopica may experience a range of side effects, particularly during the initial weeks of treatment:
- Vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Diarrhea
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Behavioral changes such as hiding or aggression
- Hypersalivation
These symptoms are typically transient and may subside on their own over time as the cat adjusts to the medication. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, veterinary attention is necessary.
Less Common but Notable Side Effects
Besides the more frequent gastrointestinal and behavioral issues, other possible side effects include:
- Conjunctivitis (eye inflammation)
- Sneezing
- Hiding behaviors
- Hyperactivity
- Increased thirst
- Gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of the gum tissue)
Although these are less common, monitoring your cat is crucial to detect and address any adverse reactions early.
Minimizing Side Effects
To help mitigate side effects, veterinarians may recommend:
- Administering the medication with a small amount of food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.
- Starting at a lower dose and gradually increasing to the recommended dose.
- Regularly monitoring weight and appetite to prevent severe complications like hepatic lipidosis.
Precautions and Contraindications
Before starting Atopica, your cat should be tested for
feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and
feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The medication should not be used in cats that:
- Are under 6 months old or under 3 lbs (1.4 kg)
- Are pregnant, lactating, or intended for breeding
- Have a history of cancer or current malignancies
- Show hypersensitivity to cyclosporine
- Are positive for FeLV or FIV
Additionally, it’s important for cats on Atopica to stay indoors to prevent exposure to infections such as
toxoplasmosis. Raw food diets and hunting should be avoided.
Drug Interactions
Cyclosporine can interact with various medications and supplements, including:
- Antacids (e.g., cimetidine, omeprazole)
- Antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin)
- Antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole, griseofulvin)
- Heart medication (e.g., digoxin, amiodarone)
- Other immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide, azathioprine)
- Phenobarbital and metoclopramide
Always inform your veterinarian about any medications, supplements, or over-the-counter products your cat is taking before starting Atopica.
Proper Administration and Storage
Atopica is typically supplied in 5 mL or 17 mL bottles at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. It should be administered orally with a calibrated dosing syringe, either directly or mixed with a small amount of food. Once opened, the solution should be used within 2 months (for 5 mL bottles) or 11 weeks (for 17 mL bottles) and stored at room temperature away from moisture and light.
Overdose and Emergency Protocols
An overdose of Atopica can result in serious effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and potential liver and kidney damage. If an overdose is suspected, seek immediate veterinary help or contact an animal poison control center.
Conclusion
While Atopica is an effective treatment for managing chronic allergic and autoimmune skin conditions in cats, it comes with a range of possible side effects. Close monitoring and regular communication with your veterinarian are essential to ensure the safety and well-being of your cat. If adverse reactions occur, prompt veterinary consultation can help adjust the treatment plan to meet your pet’s individual needs.
