The Heritage and Traits of the Pekingese Dog
The
Pekingese is a unique and ancient
toy dog breed originating from China. Unlike many modern breeds developed from crossbreeding, the Pekingese is a purebred with a distinct lineage dating back centuries. This breed carries with it the rich history of Chinese imperial courts and has long been honored as a symbol of nobility and spiritual symbolism.
Origins and Royal Legacy
Pekingese dogs were bred exclusively within the confines of China’s Imperial Palace. They were considered sacred and only owned by members of the royal family. This exclusivity gave the breed its strong association with high status and reverence. Legend has it that Buddhist monks bred the Pekingese to resemble the sacred lion, giving rise to their flowing double coats and leonine manes.
After the 1860 British invasion of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing, Pekingese dogs entered Western society. Soldiers brought five of the palace dogs back to England, one of which was gifted to Queen Victoria. This marked the beginning of the breed’s global exposure and subsequent popularity in Europe and the United States.
Physical Characteristics
Pekingese dogs are compact, sturdy, and surprisingly heavy for their size. Typical features include:
- Height of 6–9 inches (15–23 cm)
- Weight of 7–14 pounds (3.2–6.4 kg); dogs under 6 pounds are known as “sleeves”
- Flat, black muzzles and large, expressive round eyes
- Flowing double coats flaring around neck and shoulders like a lion’s mane
- Heavily feathered heart-shaped ears and a plumed tail curled over the back
These physical attributes reflect the breed’s elite origins and remain prized in canine exhibitions.
Temperament and Behavior
Despite their toy size, Pekingese exhibit a “big dog” attitude. Known for their dignity and confidence, they form tight bonds with their families and are loyal to the core. Some key aspects of their temperament include:
- Dignified and sometimes aloof demeanor
- Strong loyalty to their chosen family member
- Protective instincts and an alert nature
- Potential for stubbornness or independence
These traits make early socialization and gentle training methods crucial for their adjustment and harmony in family environments.
Exercise and Living Requirements
Pekingese dogs have
moderate activity needs. Their brachycephalic structure necessitates cautious exercise, especially in warmer weather. A good routine may include:
- One or two short walks (20–30 minutes) daily
- Indoor play and mental stimulation
- Protection from heat and overexertion
Due to their compact size, they thrive in apartments and smaller living spaces.
Grooming and Coat Maintenance
The Pekingese’s long double coat requires
frequent grooming to stay tangle-free and healthy:
- Brushing several times a week, focusing on high-friction areas
- Regular cleaning of facial folds to prevent infections
- Occasional professional grooming or moderate trimming
- Bathing, nail trims, and dental hygiene as part of routine care
Proper grooming not only maintains appearance but also enhances their coat’s protective qualities.
Diet and Nutrition
Their diet should be
nutritionally balanced for toy breeds:
- Portion-controlled meals to prevent obesity
- High-quality small-breed formulas for different life stages
- Limited treats and no table scraps
Monitoring their weight helps avoid complications such as joint stress and respiratory problems.
Health Considerations
Being a brachycephalic breed, Pekingese dogs can face specific health challenges:
- Brachycephalic airway syndrome (respiratory issues)
- Eye problems like corneal ulcers and dry eye
- Skin fold dermatitis and disc disease
- Luxating patella and potential heart disease
Routine veterinary check-ups and preventive care can mitigate many of these risks.
Training and Socialization
Training a Pekingese requires patience and consistency. Their independent streak can make them seem willful, but positive reinforcement techniques work well. Recommended methods include:
- Short training sessions using rewards and praise
- Gentle socialization with strangers and other pets
- Crate and pee pad training for house manners
Their intelligence allows them to learn commands when handled properly, but rough or inconsistent training methods may lead to resistance.
The Pekingese in Modern Times
Today, the Pekingese is celebrated for its unique appearance, loyalty, and regal demeanor. The breed has enjoyed
success at dog shows and continues to charm owners worldwide. Though not ideal for every household—especially those with small children—the Pekingese excels in homes that value devotion, tranquility, and elegance.
Conclusion
The Pekingese is not a result of mixed breeds but rather a time-honored, purebred dog with a majestic history. Their care requirements and spirited nature make them perfect for experienced, attentive owners who appreciate their heritage and charm. From their noble beginnings to their role as treasured companions, the Pekingese remains a dog with royal presence and unwavering loyalty.
