How Dogs Behave When They Have COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has affected both humans and animals. Though initially believed to be a human-only threat, we now know that dogs, cats, ferrets, and other companion animals can contract this virus—primarily from infected humans. This article explores the symptoms, behaviors, and care strategies for dogs suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19.
How Do Dogs Get Infected with SARS-CoV-2?
Dogs typically become infected through close, prolonged contact with a person who has COVID-19. Factors increasing the risk include:
- Sleeping on the owner’s bed
- Sharing food or close facial contact like licking the face or hands
- Daily cuddling or snuggling
Serological surveys have shown that up to 41% of dogs in households with COVID-infected members had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, indicating they had been infected previously. However, active infection rates identified by PCR tests remain below 10%.
Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19 in Dogs
Dogs infected with SARS-CoV-2 typically exhibit mild or no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may include:
- Fever
- Coughing
- Difficulty breathing
- Lethargy or lack of energy
- Sneezing
- Nasal or eye discharge
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Severe illness in dogs is extremely rare, and most cases resolve without complications.
Behavioral Changes in Infected Dogs
Dogs with COVID-19 may appear more tired or withdrawn than usual. Additional behaviors include:
- Frequent resting or reduced interest in play
- Short bouts of coughing or sneezing
- Refusal to eat or drink (in some cases)
- Increased sleep
It is important not to panic if these symptoms are observed. Contacting a veterinarian is advised before bringing the dog into the clinic.
Isolation and Care at Home
If a dog tests positive for COVID-19, isolation at home is recommended. Follow these guidelines:
- Keep the infected pet indoors, particularly cats and small dogs
- Monitor symptoms closely
- Provide fluids, adequate nutrition, and a comfortable resting area
- Limit interaction with other animals and household members
Dogs can typically end home isolation once they’ve been symptom-free for at least 72 hours and 14 days have passed since a positive test.
When to Call the Vet
Contact your vet if the dog:
- Shows persistent symptoms or gets worse
- Has underlying conditions like diabetes or asthma
- Refuses food or water for more than 24 hours
- Exhibits labored breathing
Telemedicine consultations may be an option, especially if you are isolating due to your own illness.
Precautions for Pet Owners with COVID-19
If you test positive for COVID-19, follow these precautions to protect your pets:
- Have someone else in the household care for your pet if possible
- Avoid petting, kissing, or snuggling with pets
- Wear a mask while around your pets
- Wash hands before and after handling pet items
Can Dogs Spread COVID-19 to Humans?
The risk of dog-to-human transmission is extremely low. There is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spreads via pet fur, skin, or hair. Most transmission is person to pet, not the reverse.
Conclusion
While dogs can contract SARS-CoV-2, most show mild or no symptoms and recover with supportive care. Monitoring changes in behavior such as lethargy, coughing, or decreased appetite can help identify possible infection. Understanding the low risk of animal-to-human transmission and adhering to good hygiene and responsible pet care practices ensures the health and safety of both pets and owners during the COVID-19 pandemic.
