Why Is My Dog Shaking His Head and Scratching His Ear?
If your dog is persistently shaking his head or scratching at his ear, it could be more than just an itch. While occasional ear scratching is normal, frequent or intense behavior may signify a deeper issue. Understanding the underlying causes and knowing how to respond is critical to ensuring your pet's comfort and ear health.
Common Causes of Ear Issues in Dogs
- Ear Infections: These are among the most common causes of ear discomfort in dogs and can be caused by bacteria or yeast. Symptoms include redness, swelling, foul odor, discharge (yellow, brown, or black), and visible discomfort.
- Allergies: Environmental or food-based allergies frequently lead to inflamed and itchy ears. Dogs may react to pollen, mold, dust, or specific ingredients in their diet.
- Ear Mites and Parasites: These tiny pests, especially common in puppies, cause intense irritation. A dark, crumbly discharge resembling coffee grounds is a hallmark sign.
- Foreign Bodies: Seeds, dirt, or plant material lodged in the ear canal often trigger scratching and head shaking.
- Aural Hematomas: Vigorous ear scratching or head shaking can cause blood vessels to burst, leading to painful swelling in the ear flap.
- Tumors or Polyps: Both benign and malignant growths may obstruct the ear canal and predispose the dog to recurring infections.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Disorders such as hypothyroidism or systemic skin issues can contribute to persistent ear discomfort.
Breed and Lifestyle Risk Factors
Some dogs are more prone to ear problems than others. Breeds with floppy or hairy ears — like Basset Hounds, Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, Beagles, and Labradoodles — are particularly susceptible. Dogs that frequently swim or have excessive ear hair are also at higher risk due to moisture retention and poor ventilation in the ear canal.
Signs of Ear Problems
- Excessive scratching or head shaking
- Redness and swelling in or around the ear
- Discharge with varied color and texture
- Foul odor
- Hair loss or sores around the ears
- Head tilting or reluctance to have ears touched
- Loss of balance, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
How Vets Diagnose Ear Issues
Evaluating ear problems requires a veterinary exam. Vets use an otoscope to visualize the ear canal and eardrum. Diagnostic tests include:
- Cytology: A microscopic examination of ear discharge to identify infections or parasites
- Skin or blood tests: Especially if allergies are suspected
- Imaging: Radiographs or advanced imaging may be necessary for chronic or deep infections
- Referral: Cases that resist treatment may require a veterinary dermatologist
Treatment Options
- Topical or Oral Medications: Used to combat bacterial, yeast, or parasitic infections
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: Help manage pain and reduce swelling
- Foreign Body Removal: Surgical extraction may be needed to safely remove debris
- Treatment of Hematomas or Tumors: Procedures may be necessary for growths or severe swelling
- Allergy Management: Involves changes in diet, identifying allergens, and possibly immunotherapy
Preventive Care at Home
- Clean your dog's ears regularly with vet-approved ear cleaner
- Dry ears thoroughly after bathing or swimming
- Check ears for debris, especially in outdoor or long-haired dogs
- Trim excess hair around the ears to improve airflow
- Minimize exposure to known allergens
- Feed a balanced diet and monitor for food sensitivities
- Use ongoing flea and tick prevention
- Visit your vet regularly and respond quickly to new symptoms
Important Safety Tips
Owners should never insert objects deep into a dog’s ear canal or apply home remedies without veterinary confirmation that the eardrum is intact, as this could cause irreversible damage. Prompt action is vital—untreated ear issues can escalate and potentially lead to permanent hearing loss or balance disorders.
Conclusion
If your dog is shaking his head or scratching his ears persistently, don’t ignore it. It might be a sign of infection, allergies, parasites, or other underlying health problems. Consult your vet for a thorough diagnosis and tailored treatment. With vigilant care and preventive measures, you can help keep your dog's ears healthy and pain-free.
