What Fish Should Dogs Avoid?
Feeding fish to dogs can be healthy and beneficial, but not all types or preparations of fish are safe for canine consumption. While salmon is a common and nutritious choice, it’s important to understand which fish or fish-based products can pose risks to dogs. Below, we explore what fish should be avoided and how to safely include fish like salmon in your dog's diet.
Types of Fish Dogs Should Avoid
- Raw or Undercooked Salmon: Raw salmon can carry a parasite infected with the bacterium Neorickettsia helminthoeca, causing salmon poisoning disease, which is potentially fatal. Cooking destroys this risk.
- Smoked Salmon: This product is high in sodium and may contain harmful bacteria if not properly cooked, making it a poor choice for dogs.
- Flavored or Seasoned Fish: Salmon or other fish prepared with garlic, onions, spices, butter, or oils should be avoided as these ingredients are often toxic to dogs or can cause digestive upset.
- Fish with Bones: Fish containing small, brittle bones can pose a choking hazard or cause internal blockages and injuries.
- Farmed Fish with Contaminants: Certain farmed fish, including farm-raised salmon, may contain higher levels of heavy metals such as mercury or contaminants like PCBs and should be limited.
- Cured or Canned Fish in Brine or Oil: Fish preserved in high-sodium solutions or oils can be harmful due to salt content and additives.
- Fish Pastes and Commercial Spreads: These often contain salt, preservatives, or artificial flavorings that are unsafe for dogs.
Risks Associated With Unsafe Fish Consumption
- Salmon Poisoning Disease: Caused by parasites found in raw salmon, this illness manifests through vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and can be fatal without veterinary treatment.
- Heavy Metal Toxicity: Mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic may accumulate in fatty fish and over time lead to neurological or organ damage.
- Allergic Reactions: Some dogs are allergic or sensitive to certain fish proteins like salmon, displaying symptoms such as itching, gastrointestinal issues, and ear infections.
- Digestive Upset: Flavored fish or fish prepared with rich ingredients such as oil or butter can cause vomiting, diarrhea, or pancreatitis in sensitive dogs.
Safe Fish Practices for Dogs
When including fish such as salmon in your dog’s diet, always follow these safety tips:
- Cook Thoroughly: Fish should be baked, steamed, or poached without added fats or seasonings to kill any parasites or bacteria.
- Debone Completely: Remove all bones to prevent choking or gastrointestinal injury.
- Use Plain, Unseasoned Fillets: Avoid garlic, onions, salt, and pepper.
- Portion Appropriately: Feed fish only in moderate amounts suitable to your dog’s size and dietary needs.
- Select Quality Sources: Choose wild-caught over farmed fish where possible, and avoid contaminated waters.
Portion Guidelines for Salmon
- Extra-small breeds (2–20 lbs): 1–2 oz per week
- Small breeds (21–30 lbs): 2–3 oz per week
- Medium breeds (31–50 lbs): 3–4 oz per week
- Large breeds (51–90 lbs): 4–6 oz per week
- Extra-large breeds (90+ lbs): 6–8 oz per week
Always monitor for signs of adverse reactions such as vomiting, diarrhea, skin irritation, or behavioral changes when introducing any new food.
Healthy Alternatives to Salmon for Omega-3s
- Green-lipped mussels: Naturally rich in EPA and DHA
- Organ meats (brains, eyes): High in essential fatty acids, but rare and harder to source
- Salmon oil supplements: Concentrated omega-3s, though not suitable for dogs with pancreatitis or oil sensitivities
Final Thoughts
While salmon can be an excellent addition to your dog’s diet when prepared safely and given in moderation, certain forms and types of fish must be avoided. Understanding the risks and applying proper food handling practices can ensure that fish remains a healthy, safe treat for your pet. Always consult a veterinarian before introducing new foods or making dietary changes.
