What Happens If a Dog Smells Mothballs?
Mothballs are common household items used to deter moths, their larvae, and other insects from damaging fabrics. While they may seem harmless, they contain toxic chemicals such as naphthalene, paradichlorobenzene (PDB), or camphor, all of which can be dangerous to pets. Although ingestion poses the greatest risk, even simply smelling or inhaling the fumes from mothballs can negatively impact your dog’s health.
Why Mothballs Are Hazardous
Mothballs are designed to sublimate, meaning they slowly transform from solid to gas, releasing pesticide vapors that kill pests. This vapor is precisely what can cause problems when inhaled by dogs. Depending on the specific chemical used, the toxicity level may vary:
- Naphthalene: The most toxic and harmful, even in small doses.
- Paradichlorobenzene (PDB): Less toxic than naphthalene but still dangerous.
- Camphor: Though less common, also harmful when inhaled or ingested.
What Happens When a Dog Smells Mothballs?
Dogs have a more sensitive olfactory system than humans. When a dog sniffs or inhales vapors from mothballs, it can absorb the chemicals through the mucous membranes in the nose and lungs. The severity of the reaction depends on:
- The type of chemical in the mothball
- The concentration of vapors
- The length of exposure
- The size and health of the dog
Symptoms may range from mild respiratory irritation to more serious systemic effects.
Symptoms of Inhalation Exposure
Although ingestion is more dangerous, inhalation may also cause symptoms including:
- Lethargy or weakness
- Vomiting or nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Labored breathing or coughing
- Tremors or muscle weakness
- Unusual odors on breath (mothball scent)
These symptoms can appear within a few hours or be delayed, especially if exposure is constant or prolonged in a poorly ventilated space.
Why Dogs Are At Risk
Dogs, particularly young or small breeds, are more likely to investigate new smells by sniffing or chewing. Their heightened curiosity and strong noses make them especially vulnerable to harmful substances like mothballs. Complicating matters is their smaller body mass, which makes even minor exposures potentially dangerous.
Complications and Long-Term Effects
If exposure is prolonged or in large concentrations, mothball vapors can eventually reach dangerous levels that may damage internal organs:
- Liver or kidney damage
- Anemia, especially with naphthalene exposure
- Neurological symptoms like tremors or seizures
- Methemoglobinemia, a condition that reduces oxygen delivery in blood
What to Do If You Suspect Inhalation Exposure
If your dog has been in contact with mothballs—particularly if you detect a mothball-like odor on its breath or fur—seek veterinary attention immediately. It’s critical not to wait for symptoms to fully develop, as early intervention significantly improves outcomes.
Veterinary Diagnosis and Treatment
- Medical history and physical examination: Helps determine exposure type and potential complications.
- Laboratory tests: Blood tests and urinalysis can detect organ damage or hemolysis.
- Imaging: X-rays can show swallowed mothballs if ingestion is suspected too.
Treatment may include:
- Oxygen therapy
- Intravenous fluids to support organ function
- Medications to control vomiting, protect the liver, and prevent seizures
- Anti-toxins or detox therapies tailored to the chemical involved
Prevention Tips
- Store mothballs safely in airtight containers and out of pets’ reach
- Avoid using them outdoors or in open spaces
- Follow product labels strictly and avoid mixing types
- Dispose of mothballs responsibly through hazardous waste programs
- Use pet-safe alternatives like pheromone traps or vacuum-sealed storage
Conclusion
Even just the smell of mothballs can pose a serious health threat to dogs, particularly those smaller in size or with pre-existing medical conditions. The best course of action is prevention—keep mothballs stored properly, use alternatives when possible, and always consult a veterinarian if you suspect exposure. Remember, early recognition and treatment are key to ensuring your pet’s health and safety.
