What Illnesses Cause Spitting Blood in Dogs?
Spitting blood or noticing blood in your dog's saliva is a sign that something may be wrong. While some causes are minor, others require immediate veterinary attention. This article explores the illnesses and conditions that can lead to oral bleeding in dogs.
1. Periodontal Disease and Dental Issues
Periodontal disease is the most common cause of bleeding from the gums in dogs. It starts with plaque and tartar accumulation, which leads to inflammation and infection, known as gingivitis.
- Red, swollen, or receding gums
- Bad breath
- Loose teeth
- Blood on toys or chews
Advanced dental infection can result in abscesses and severe gum bleeding, making veterinary dental care critical.
2. Teething in Puppies
Between 12-16 weeks of age, puppies may bleed slightly as their deciduous (baby) teeth are replaced by permanent ones. This is usually a normal phase unless the bleeding is excessive or prolonged.
3. Trauma or Injury
Dogs that chew on sharp objects or endure rough play can experience oral trauma. Lacerations, puncture wounds, or fractured teeth may cause significant bleeding.
4. Foreign Objects
Sticks, bones, or toys can become lodged in a dog’s mouth, causing injury and bleeding. Attempting to remove these at home can worsen the condition. Professional removal is advised.
5. Oral Tumors
Both benign and malignant oral tumors can cause bleeding, especially if they become ulcerated or damaged. Additional symptoms may include:
- Swelling in the mouth
- Difficulty eating
- Foul breath
- Visible masses
6. Blood Clotting Disorders
Clotting disorders, whether hereditary (like von Willebrand’s disease or hemophilia) or acquired (from liver failure, toxins, cancer, or tickborne diseases), can lead to spontaneous gum or mouth bleeding. Warning signs include:
- Excessive bruising
- Blood in urine or stool
- Prolonged bleeding after minor injuries
7. Oral Infections
Bacterial or fungal infections stemming from untreated dental disease or oral injury can create gum inflammation and bleeding. These conditions often produce a strong odor and visible swelling.
8. Nutritional Deficiencies
Imbalanced diets lacking in essential nutrients, especially vitamin C, may affect gum integrity and cause bleeding, although this is rare with modern commercial diets.
Warning Signs to Watch For
- Persistent or heavy gum/mouth bleeding
- Halitosis (bad breath)
- Swollen or receding gums
- Loss of appetite or reluctance to eat
- Drooling with blood
- Pawing at the mouth
- Visible injuries or foreign bodies
- Facial swelling
- Pale gums
- Lethargy or weakness
When to Seek Veterinary Help
You should visit a veterinarian if your dog shows:
- Repeated or excessive bleeding
- Signs of systemic illness
- Troubled breathing along with bleeding
- Visible oral masses or foreign objects
Emergency vet care is crucial for severe bleeding, collapse, or potential shock.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Depending on the situation, your vet may recommend:
- Oral examination (sometimes under sedation)
- Diagnostic imaging (X-rays, CT scans)
- Blood tests (platelets and clotting factor analysis)
- Biopsies for tumors
Treatment options include:
- Dental cleaning and extractions
- Foreign body removal under anesthesia
- Tumor removal or oncology referral
- Medications (antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, vitamin K)
- Blood transfusions and fluid therapy
Home Care and Prevention
- Brush your dog’s teeth regularly with dog-specific products
- Schedule annual professional cleanings
- Feed a balanced diet to avoid deficiencies
- Provide safe chew toys (avoid bones, hard plastics, or sticks)
- Observe your dog for behavioral changes or discomfort
Spotting blood in your dog’s saliva warrants attention. While some causes are benign, others are medically urgent. Early diagnosis and proper oral hygiene are key to preventing complications.
