Recognizing One of the Biggest Signs of Kidney Disease in Dogs
Kidney disease, especially in dogs, can often go undetected until substantial damage has already occurred. Because the kidneys play so many vital functions—from filtering waste to balancing electrolytes—early detection is key to better outcomes. One early and significant sign pet owners can watch for is an increase in thirst and urination.
Understanding Kidney Function
The kidneys are critical organs responsible for:
- Filtering and excreting toxins through urine
- Regulating blood pressure and maintaining hydration
- Conserving essential compounds such as proteins and water
- Producing hormones that support red blood cell development
What Happens in Kidney Disease?
When the kidneys begin to fail—whether due to acute or chronic disease—they start losing their ability to adequately filter the blood. This causes waste products to build up in the body, which in turn can lead to a host of symptoms.
These include:
- Increased thirst (polydipsia)
- Increased urination (polyuria)
- Loss of appetite and weight
- Lethargy and weakness
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Foul or ammonia-smelling breath
- Pale gums and, in advanced stages, ulcers or seizures
Why Increased Thirst and Urination Are Key Signs
When the kidneys can't concentrate urine effectively, the body loses more fluid than normal, stimulating your dog to drink more. You may notice:
- Your dog visiting the water bowl more often
- More frequent urination or accidents in the house
- Larger volumes of diluted urine
This change is often gradual in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sudden in acute kidney injury (AKI). In both cases, it's a physiological response to declining kidney efficiency.
Causes Behind Kidney Disease
Kidney disease typically manifests as:
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)—due to toxins, dehydration, trauma
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)—linked to aging, genetics, high blood pressure, or infections like leptospirosis
Older dogs, especially from large breeds, are more susceptible, and CKD progresses slowly over time.
Diagnosis Procedures
Veterinarians use a variety of tests to determine kidney function:
- Blood panels—for elevated BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus
- Urinalysis—to measure concentration and check for protein
- Blood pressure readings—as hypertension is a common symptom
- Imaging—like ultrasound and X-rays to examine kidney structure
The IRIS staging scale is often used to assess disease progression and guide treatment plans.
Managing the Condition
Though CKD is irreversible, some treatments can help slow progression and improve quality of life:
- Fluid therapy—to flush out toxins and manage dehydration
- Prescription diets—to reduce the workload on kidneys
- Medications—to control blood pressure, reduce nausea, stimulate appetite, or address anemia
- Home care—like subcutaneous fluids
In rare cases, options like dialysis or kidney transplants may be considered.
Prevention Tips
- Avoid toxic substances like antifreeze and raisins
- Keep your dog hydrated and on a proper diet
- Stay up to date on vaccinations, especially for leptospirosis
- Ensure regular dental care to prevent infection
When to See a Vet
If you observe signs like increased thirst, urination changes, appetite loss, or vomiting, contact your veterinarian promptly. Early intervention is essential in managing kidney issues effectively.
Conclusion
Recognizing the early signs of kidney disease—especially increased thirst and urination—can make a significant difference in your dog’s long-term health. Stay observant, prioritize routine vet visits, and maintain preventive care practices to protect your pet's kidneys and overall well-being.
