The Pekingese: China’s Regal and Cherished National Dog
China is home to one of the world’s richest canine heritages, with dog breeds that trace back thousands of years. Among these historic breeds, the
Pekingese stands proud as the dog most closely associated with Chinese royalty and tradition, earning its recognition as the
national dog of China.
Origins and Royal Patronage
The Pekingese, also known as the “lion dog,” was bred specifically as a companion to Chinese emperors. These small but distinguished dogs were carefully raised inside the walls of the imperial palace, where only members of the royal family could own them. It was believed that the breed embodied both spiritual and aesthetic ideals, representing both beauty and courage.
According to legend, the Pekingese originated from a lion that was shrunk by Buddha so it could marry a marmoset. This mythical origin links the breed to traits of valor and nobility, echoing its presence in Buddhist philosophy and Chinese art.
Physical Characteristics
Pekingese dogs have a unique appearance that adds to their regal aura:
- Size: Small and compact, suitable for lap companionship.
- Coat: Long, thick double coat with a lion-like mane around the neck.
- Face: Flat-faced with a proud and dignified expression.
- Tail: High-set and carried over the back.
Despite their size, Pekingese carry themselves with an air of confidence and pride, contributing to their image as little lion-like companions of emperors.
Temperament and Personality
Pekingese are known for their distinct personality traits, making them unique among companion breeds:
- Loyal: Deeply bonds with their owners, often forming a strong attachment.
- Independent: Displays a self-assured and somewhat aloof demeanor.
- Intelligent: Quick to learn but often chooses when to obey.
- Stubborn: May resist commands if not properly motivated.
They are best suited for owners who appreciate a bit of canine regality and are prepared for a strong-willed, devoted companion.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The Pekingese wasn’t just a pet but a symbol of status and cultural identity in ancient China. They were often depicted in traditional Chinese art and embroidered into royal clothing. If a commoner stole a Pekingese dog, the punishment was death—a testament to the breed’s high standing.
When British troops looted the Summer Palace in Beijing in 1860 during the Second Opium War, several Pekingese were taken back to England, where Queen Victoria became an admirer of the breed. This event introduced the Pekingese to the West while cementing its Eastern imperial mystique.
Modern Popularity
Today, the Pekingese has become relatively rare in urban Chinese homes, largely superseded by more fashion-forward and low-maintenance breeds like Poodles and Chihuahuas. Nonetheless, the Pekingese remains a
powerful emblem of Chinese cultural heritage and is held in esteem at dog shows and among enthusiasts.
Care and Grooming
Owning a Pekingese requires commitment, especially in grooming and healthcare:
- Coat Maintenance: Requires daily brushing to prevent mats and tangles.
- Health: Prone to respiratory issues due to brachycephalic (flat) face.
- Exercise: Moderate – not highly energetic but still enjoys walks and interaction.
Prospective owners should be aware of their special needs and be prepared for routine care to keep the dog comfortable and healthy.
Conclusion
Though many dog breeds have played important roles in Chinese history—from the hardworking Shar-Pei to the noble Shih Tzu—it is the
Pekingese that stands out as the
canine symbol of Chinese identity. With a lineage that traces back to the Forbidden City and an appearance resembling Chinese guardian lions, the Pekingese is not just a pet but a testament to a rich and noble tradition. For many, it is the
living embodiment of China’s imperial past, making it an enduring symbol and the unofficial national dog of China.
