Understanding the Symptoms of Cushing's Disease in Dogs
Cushing's disease in dogs, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a chronic endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands produce excessive cortisol. Though not covered in depth in the source material, it is discussed as a common underlying cause of proteinuria, an abnormal presence of protein in a dog's urine. Identifying symptoms early can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment, helping improve your dog’s quality of life.
What is Cushing's Disease?
Cushing's disease occurs most often in middle-aged to older dogs and can result from either a pituitary tumor (most common) or an adrenal tumor. The disease causes increased levels of cortisol, affecting various body systems.
Key Symptoms of Cushing's Disease
Symptoms may vary but commonly include:
- Increased thirst and urination: Dogs may drink and urinate excessively, often the first signs noticed.
- Lethargy and weakness: Dogs may become less active and tire easily.
- Increased appetite: A heightened hunger that sometimes leads to weight gain.
- Abdominal distension: A pot-bellied appearance due to muscle wasting and organ enlargement.
- Hair loss and skin issues: Thinning hair, particularly on the flanks, and delayed skin healing are common.
- Thin skin and bruising: Fragile skin is more prone to bruising and tearing.
- Panting and respiratory changes: A result of muscle weakness or increased abdominal pressure.
Cushing's Disease and Proteinuria
One of the complications of Cushing's disease mentioned in the source is proteinuria. This symptom highlights that excess cortisol can affect kidney filtration mechanisms, allowing protein to leak into the urine — a condition detectible through a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR).
Signs Associated with Proteinuria
- Lethargy: Resulting from protein loss or associated underlying kidney disease.
- Poor appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea: These may manifest if protein loss affects systemic functions.
- Edema: Swelling in the limbs, abdomen, or chest due to low blood protein.
- Chronic infections: Protein loss may compromise immune function.
If these symptoms appear, vets may recommend bloodwork, urinalysis, and imaging to investigate Cushing’s disease as a cause.
Diagnosing Cushing's Disease
Veterinarians use a combination of the following to diagnose Cushing’s disease:
- ACTH stimulation test or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test to confirm abnormal cortisol levels.
- Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio to detect associated proteinuria.
- Blood pressure monitoring to assess hypertension, which cortisol excess can exacerbate.
- Ultrasound or MRI to identify potential tumors affecting hormone production.
Treatment Options
- Medications like trilostane or mitotane to control cortisol levels.
- Treatment of proteinuria with ACE inhibitors or ARBs to preserve kidney function.
- Specialized diets that may include low protein for kidney support.
- Monitoring and regular blood/urine testing to adjust treatment regimens.
Long-Term Prognosis
With appropriate management, many dogs with Cushing’s disease live comfortable lives. However, secondary symptoms like proteinuria require ongoing care and monitoring. Regular veterinary follow-ups ensure complications such as kidney disease or high blood pressure are addressed promptly.
Summary
Cushing’s disease in dogs manifests through several signs, including increased thirst and urination, lethargy, appetite changes, and complications like proteinuria. Recognizing these early helps manage the disease and improve outcomes. Collaboration with your vet and regular monitoring are keys to successful long-term care.
