Recognizing Fever Symptoms in Dogs
When your dog isn't acting quite like themselves, it's natural to worry. Fever is a common sign that something's off with your canine companion. But knowing what to look for and how to respond can make a big difference in their comfort and recovery.
What Counts as a Fever in Dogs?
A dog's normal body temperature sits between 101°F and 102.5°F, which is warmer than most humans. If your dog's temperature climbs above 103°F, that's considered a fever. Anything at or above 106°F is an emergency—it's potentially life-threatening and demands immediate veterinary care.
Why Is It Hard to Spot a Dog's Fever?
Dogs can't tell us when they're feeling hot or unwell. Plus, their body temperature naturally changes with excitement, stress, activity levels, or even the time of day. The old trick of feeling a dog's nose for heat or dryness isn't reliable at all.
The only way to know for sure if your dog has a fever is to use a digital rectal thermometer. Lubricate the tip (petroleum jelly works), gently insert it about an inch into the rectum, and wait for the reading. Having someone help hold your dog steady can make this process much easier.
Common Symptoms of Fever in Dogs
Your dog might show subtle changes before you notice anything obvious. Keep an eye out for:
- Lethargy or decreased energy—your usually playful pup might seem tired or uninterested in activities.
- Red or glassy-looking eyes—a telltale sign they're not feeling well.
- Warm ears or nose—though not always reliable on its own.
- Shivering—even if the room isn't cold.
- Panting more than usual.
- A runny nose.
- Loss of appetite—turning down treats or meals they normally love.
- Coughing—which could point to respiratory issues.
- Vomiting—sometimes mild but can be persistent.
- Diarrhea—often accompanies other symptoms.
What Causes Fevers in Dogs?
A fever signals that something's wrong inside your dog's body. Some common culprits include:
- Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections (these can be anywhere: lungs, kidneys, skin, brain, ears).
- Ear infections or urinary tract infections.
- An infected bite wound, scratch, or cut.
- Dental infections or abscesses—mouth pain sometimes goes unnoticed until fever sets in.
- Toxic substances (including human medications) ingested accidentally.
- Vaccinations—a low-grade fever may appear within 24–48 hours after shots but usually fades quickly.
- Immune-mediated diseases (autoimmune conditions).
- Certain bone marrow problems and cancers.
If no cause is found after thorough testing by your vet, it may be called a fever of unknown origin.
Differentiating Fever from Heatstroke
If your dog overheats due to high environmental temperatures or excessive exercise (called hyperthermia), that's different from fever caused by illness. Both need prompt attention but have distinct causes and treatments.
Caring for a Dog with Fever at Home
- If the fever is mild (just over 103°F), you can try cooling measures: apply cool—not cold—water with a towel to their ears and paws; use a fan nearby; encourage small sips of water (never force them).
If their temperature drops below 103°F during home care efforts, stop cooling—they don't want to get too cold either!
Never give dogs human medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), or aspirin—they're highly toxic and can be deadly for dogs!
When Should You Call the Vet?
- If your dog's temperature is over 103°F and lasts more than 24 hours—or if they seem very sick—contact your veterinarian right away.
- A temperature at or above 106°F is an emergency: seek veterinary help immediately!
- If you notice extreme lethargy, persistent vomiting/diarrhea, blood in vomit/stool, or refusal to eat—don't wait; these are serious warning signs!
The Veterinary Approach
Your vet will start with a physical exam and medical history. They may recommend diagnostic tests: blood work checks for infection/inflammation; urinalysis looks for urinary tract issues; radiographs (X-rays) and ultrasound help spot internal problems. Treatment depends on what they find—it could mean antibiotics for infections, antifungals for fungal causes, immune-suppressant drugs for autoimmune disease, or other targeted therapies as needed.
The Takeaway
A fever means your dog's body is fighting something off—it could be minor or more serious. Watch closely for symptoms like lethargy and appetite changes alongside physical signs such as shivering and glassy eyes. When in doubt about severity—or if symptoms persist—don't hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for advice and care tailored specifically to your furry friend’s needs.
