Understanding the Differences Between French and American Brittanys
The Brittany, a versatile, athletic, and energetic dog breed, originated in the Brittany region of northwestern France. Known for its hunting prowess and affectionate personality, the breed has since diverged into two main types: the French Brittany and the American Brittany. While they share a common ancestry, notable differences in size, appearance, hunting style, and breed standards now distinguish these two variations.
Size and Physical Build
- American Brittanys tend to be larger and exhibit a slightly blockier head structure. They are built for ranging farther in open terrain, ideal for hunting in vast North American fields.
- French Brittanys are generally more compact, reflecting their European hunting environment in tighter, more wooded areas. Their head shape is typically more refined and less blocky.
Coat Colors and Breed Standards
The physical appearance of Brittanys also varies in terms of coat coloration due to differing breed standards:
- The American Kennel Club (AKC) standard does not allow black in the coat. Acceptable colors include orange and white or liver and white.
- The French standard, overseen by organizations such as the Société Centrale Canine (SCC), permits black pigmentation, along with more color combinations like black and white or tricolor patterns.
Hunting Style and Field Performance
These dogs were bred for upland game bird hunting, but their methods differ slightly across the Atlantic:
- American Brittanys often cover more ground quickly. Bred for open terrain, their ranging behavior is ideal for covering large fields. They are fast and agile with a drive to explore farther.
- French Brittanys usually hunt at a closer range, making frequent visual contact with the hunter. This is more suitable for the denser woodlands found in French countryside game environments.
Coat and Tail Differences
- Both versions have a dense, flat or wavy coat that is easy-maintenance and self-cleaning. Regular brushing helps, especially during shedding seasons.
- Some Brittanys are born with naturally short (bobbed) tails, while others have docked tails. This feature exists in both types, used historically for field utility.
Temperament and Personality Traits
Regardless of their regional variation, Brittanys share key temperament traits:
- Affectionate and friendly with family members, children, and other pets.
- Highly intelligent and trainable, making them excellent in obedience, agility, and other dog sports.
- Energetic and playful, they require significant daily exercise to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors.
- They have a high prey drive owing to their hunting origins—regular mental and physical engagement is essential.
Differences in Kennel Club Recognition
Some kennel organizations regard the two types differently:
- The American Kennel Club (AKC) considers them as one breed with uniform standards that exclude black coloration.
- The United Kennel Club (UKC), however, treats American and French Brittanys as separate breeds due to the differences in physical traits and working style.
Health and Lifespan
Health concerns are largely the same across both types, and include:
- Hip dysplasia
- Epilepsy
- Hypothyroidism
- Cataracts
- Skin and ear infections
With proper care, Brittanys have a life expectancy of 12–14 years, often more.
Care and Maintenance
- Coat care is minimal but consistent grooming is recommended to remove dirt and tangles.
- Floppy ears should be checked regularly to prevent infections.
- They need at least an hour of intense exercise each day, including play, training, or work.
- Without enough stimulation, boredom may lead to excessive barking or chewing.
Which Brittany Is Right for You?
The choice between a French and American Brittany depends on your lifestyle and preferences:
- If you hunt in large open spaces or like highly active sports, the American Brittany might suit your needs.
- If you prefer a more compact dog with closer-working traits, the French Brittany could be ideal.
- Both make loyal, trainable, and joyful companions in active households.
Conclusion
Though the American and French Brittanys differ in appearance and field style, they remain variations of the same beloved breed. Whether you’re looking for a hardworking upland hunter or a spirited family dog, the Brittany—French or American—is a fitting choice for those ready to match its boundless energy and genuine affection.
