What to Do If Your Dog Throws Up Blood: A Complete Guide
Seeing your dog vomit blood can be alarming. Known medically as
hematemesis, this symptom may range from minor issues to life-threatening conditions. Early recognition and rapid veterinary care can make all the difference. This article provides essential information on causes, symptoms, actions to take, and treatment options.
What Does Blood in Vomit Look Like?
Blood in vomit can have various appearances:
- Bright red streaks – Often indicate bleeding from the mouth, throat, or esophagus.
- Dark, coffee-ground-like clots – Suggest bleeding from the stomach or upper intestines.
- Pink-tinged foam or specks – May point to mild gastric irritation.
Regardless of appearance, blood in vomit should never be ignored.
Common Causes of Vomiting Blood in Dogs
There are multiple possible causes, each requiring specific treatment:
- Gastrointestinal irritation or ulcers – Often due to vomiting, irritants, or medications like NSAIDs.
- Ingestion of foreign objects – Sharp or indigestible items can damage the digestive tract.
- Toxin ingestion – Includes rat poison, chemicals, or poisonous plants that can disrupt blood clotting or cause bleeding.
- Parasitic or bacterial infections – Hookworms, Giardia, and certain bacteria can injure gut lining.
- Clotting disorders – May stem from genetic conditions or exposure to anticoagulant toxins.
- Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – Inflammatory issues that damage the intestinal lining.
- Trauma – Direct injury to the abdomen or gastrointestinal tract.
- Viral infections – Like parvovirus, especially in unvaccinated pups.
- Liver or kidney disease – Can impair blood clotting and lead to gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Cancer or tumors – Growths in the stomach or intestines can rupture and bleed.
Related Symptoms to Watch For
Other symptoms may indicate a more severe issue:
- Lethargy or weakness
- Pale gums – May suggest internal bleeding or shock
- Diarrhea – Bloody or black, tar-like stool
- Abdominal pain
- Loss of appetite
- Collapse or trouble walking
Vomiting vs. Coughing Blood
It’s important to distinguish
vomiting blood from
coughing blood:
- Vomiting involves abdominal heaving
- Coughing involves neck extension and may sound like honking or retching
Vomited blood typically originates from the digestive system, whereas coughed blood usually comes from the respiratory tract.
What to Do Immediately
Taking prompt action can save your dog's life:
- Call your veterinarian or the nearest emergency vet hospital.
- Do not give food, water, or medications until advised.
- Collect vomit samples in a bag or take photos for the vet.
- Monitor for worsening symptoms or changes in behavior.
- Keep your dog calm and warm while arranging transport to the clinic.
How Vets Diagnose the Cause
Veterinarians will use several methods to identify the issue:
- Physical exam and medical history
- Blood tests to check clotting and organ function
- Fecal tests for parasites
- X-rays or ultrasound imaging
- Infectious disease panels
- Endoscopy for internal inspection of the GI tract
Treatment Options
Depending on the cause, treatment may include:
- IV fluids to prevent dehydration
- Anti-nausea medications and antacids
- Antibiotics or dewormers for infections
- Protective gastric medications to heal ulcers
- Surgery or endoscopic removal of foreign bodies or tumors
- Blood transfusions for severe blood loss or clotting disorders
- Bland diet once vomiting stops and it's vet-approved
Home Remedies: Why You Should Avoid Them
Well-meaning pet owners often try quick fixes like bread or over-the-counter meds. However:
- They can interfere with diagnosis
- Some substances may worsen the condition
- You may miss an underlying, serious illness
Always consult a veterinarian before administering anything at home.
How to Prevent Vomiting Blood
You can take steps to reduce the risk:
- Keep harmful items like bones, toxins, and medications out of reach
- Use parasite prevention and maintain vaccinations
- Supervise your dog outdoors to prevent scavenging
- Feed a high-quality diet and avoid table scraps
- Consult your vet before changes in medications or supplements
- Schedule regular health checks, especially for older dogs
Final Thoughts
Even small amounts of blood in vomit can signal serious problems. Early veterinary evaluation and treatment significantly improve recovery chances. Don't wait—if your dog vomits blood, take action immediately.
