Understanding the Difference Between Belgian Tervuren and Malinois
The Belgian Tervuren and Belgian Malinois are two of the four recognized varieties of Belgian Shepherds. While they share a common heritage and many traits, they are distinct in several key ways, particularly in their appearance, coat type, and work preferences.
Common Origins but Unique Traits
Both breeds originated in Belgium and were initially bred as herding and working dogs. Along with the Laekenois and the Groenendael, they form the family of Belgian Shepherd dogs. Despite their shared ancestry, the differences among them have led to distinct classifications, especially outside Belgium.
The Belgian Tervuren: Elegant and Plush
The Belgian Tervuren stands out for its long, straight double coat, typically in stunning shades of fawn or mahogany with a black overlay and a striking black facial mask. Males range from 24–26 inches in height and weigh between 55–75 pounds, while females are slightly smaller.
This breed is known for:
- Elegant and chiseled appearance
- Strong bone structure and graceful build
- Intelligent and highly trainable nature
- Protective and loyal temperament
- Compatibility with experienced, active owners
Tervurens are energetic and excel at activities that require both mental and physical engagement. Their intelligence also makes them ideal candidates for search and rescue, therapy, and police work.
How the Malinois Differs
The Belgian Malinois is often mistaken for a shorter-coated version of the Tervuren, but it's a distinct variety with its own breed standards. The most noticeable difference lies in its short, straight coat, generally a uniform fawn to mahogany with a black mask.
Key differences between the two:
- Coat Length: Tervurens have a long double coat; Malinois have a short coat.
- Appearance: Tervurens are more elegant with abundant feathering; Malinois appear leaner and more utilitarian.
- Breed Recognition: The American Kennel Club recognized the Tervuren as a separate breed in 1959.
- Work Drive: Both are intense workers, but Malinois are more commonly seen in military and police work due to their agility and speed.
Why the Confusion?
Because all four types of Belgian Shepherds were originally classified under a single breed, the differences were largely considered cosmetic—mainly in coat type and color. However, breed clubs and registries in countries like the U.S. and Canada later began recognizing them as separate breeds.
The confusion persists because the dogs often share characteristics like:
- High intelligence
- Loyalty and protectiveness
- Strong herding instincts
- Need for early socialization and consistent training
Is One Better Than the Other?
There is no objectively “better” breed between the Belgian Tervuren and Malinois—it depends entirely on your lifestyle and what you seek in a dog. The Tervuren, with its plush coat and showy appearance, may appeal more to those looking for a combination of beauty and brains. The Malinois, often perceived as more intense, might be the top choice for high-performance tasks and professional working roles.
Important Considerations for Owners
Before choosing either of these breeds, potential owners should understand:
- Exercise Requirements: Both need 1–2 hours of vigorous activity daily.
- Training: Positive, consistent training from an early age is essential.
- Sociability: Proper early socialization helps prevent over-guarding or shyness.
- Grooming: Tervurens require more grooming due to their longer coats, especially during seasonal shedding.
- Health: Common conditions include hip dysplasia, PRA, epilepsy, and bloat.
Conclusion
While the Belgian Tervuren and Malinois come from the same lineage, differences in coat, appearance, and temperament distinguish them as unique breeds today. Whether you prefer the refined look and flowing coat of the Tervuren or the athleticism and short coat of the Malinois, both dogs make loyal, intelligent, and energetic companions for dedicated owners.
