What to Do If Your Dog Won't Pee: A Comprehensive Guide
If your dog hasn't urinated in several hours or is straining to pee, you may be facing a serious health emergency. Urination is essential for removing toxins from your dog’s body, and any disruption to this process can lead to dangerous complications. In this article, we will explore the causes, signs, and treatments of urinary issues in dogs, as well as when to seek veterinary help.
Understanding the Canine Urinary System
A dog’s urinary system includes the
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and
urethra — all working together to remove wastes from the body. When issues occur in any part of this system, the result may be difficulty or inability to urinate.
Signs Your Dog Can't Pee
Watch for these symptoms if you suspect urinary issues:
- Straining or multiple unsuccessful attempts to urinate
- Whining, yelping, or signs of discomfort during attempts to pee
- Cloudy, bloody, or foul-smelling urine
- Urinary accidents inside the house or urine dribbling
- Abdominal swelling, appetite loss, vomiting, or lethargy
- Frequent licking of the genital area
- Panting or restlessness
If your dog hasn’t urinated in 12–24 hours and shows any of the above signs, get to your vet urgently.
What Causes Urinary Problems in Dogs?
Several medical and behavioral factors can cause dogs to stop peeing:
Medical Causes:
- Urinary tract obstruction from stones, tumors, or strictures
- Prostate disease in unneutered males
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Bladder stones or crystals
- Neurological disorders or spine trauma
- Severe constipation compressing the urinary tract
- Anuria often caused by kidney failure or dehydration
- Congenital malformations of urinary structures
- Side effects of medications (especially opioids, anesthetics)
Behavioral and Environmental Causes:
- Stress or anxiety from changes in routine or location
- Lack of access to a suitable place to urinate
- Holding behavior due to restricted outdoor time
- Marking tendencies in certain dogs
Complications of Not Treating Urinary Retention
Delaying veterinary care can lead to serious problems:
- Overstretched bladder, causing pain or rupture
- Kidney damage or failure
- Electrolyte imbalances, like high potassium
- Infections (sepsis), especially if a UTI is present
- Recurring blockages or stone formation
Veterinary Diagnosis: What to Expect
Veterinarians will use several diagnostic tools:
- Physical exam including abdominal palpation and rectal exam
- Urinalysis for blood, infection, crystals
- Bloodwork to assess kidneys and electrolytes
- X-rays or ultrasound to locate stones or masses
- Cystoscopy in select cases for direct visual inspection
Treatment Options for Dogs Who Can’t Pee
Treatments vary based on the underlying cause:
- Bladder drainage via catheterization (under sedation if needed)
- Surgical procedures to remove stones, debris, or tumors
- Medications (antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants)
- IV fluids to rehydrate and flush toxins
- Special diets to reduce crystal formation
- Neutering/unblocking treatments for prostate-related cases
Manual bladder expression may be required if voluntary urination is impossible.
Prevention and Long-Term Management
Dogs with a history of urinary problems are prone to recurrence. Here’s how to prevent future issues:
- Regular vet check-ups, especially for seniors or at-risk breeds
- Ensure proper hydration by offering fresh water and wet food
- Provide ample potty breaks
- Address stressors or environmental changes
- Monitor for early signs of discomfort or behavioral changes
How Long Can a Dog Hold Its Pee?
Healthy adult dogs can hold urine for 8–10 hours, but that doesn't mean they should. Holding urine too long can promote infections and bladder issues — so frequent walks are a must.
Key Takeaways
- Sudden inability to pee = emergency
- Know the signs of urinary distress in your dog
- Seek prompt veterinary care to prevent complications
- Implement hydration, nutrition, and routine checks to prevent recurrence
