The Keeshond Dog: History, Appearance, and Personality
The Keeshond is an eye-catching, medium-sized spitz breed with a rich history and a personality that wins hearts. Recognized for its luxurious coat and expressive face, this breed stands out both in appearance and temperament.
Physical Characteristics
The Keeshond sports a fox-like face, prick ears, and a dense double coat that stands off from the body. Its plumed tail curls gracefully over the back. The lavish fur is mostly grey, black, and cream; the undercoat is lighter while long guard hairs are tipped with black. Perhaps most charming are the breed's 'spectacles'—distinct markings around the eyes that give an alert, intelligent look.
- Males: 17-18 inches tall (44-48 cm), 35-45 pounds (15-20 kg)
- Females: 16-17 inches (40-43 cm), 35-45 pounds
The overall effect is one of elegance combined with sturdiness—a dog built for both companionship and utility.
Origins and History
The Keeshond traces its roots to the Netherlands, where it was famously known as the Dutch Barge Dog. In the 17th and 18th centuries, these dogs were common sights on barges, farms, and riverboats. Their job? To serve as companions and alert watchdogs. The breed shares ancestry with other northern spitz types like the Samoyed, Norwegian Elkhound, and Pomeranian—brought into Europe by ancient northern voyagers.
Names for this breed vary across Europe: Wolfspitzen in Germany, Chien Loup in France, Lupini in Italy, but always Keeshond in its homeland. The name honors Cornelis "Kees" de Gyselaer of the Dutch Patriot party; his dog became a symbol during political upheaval against the House of Orange. Though popularity waned after political shifts, enthusiasts revived interest in the early 20th century. The British Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1926; American Kennel Club followed in 1930.
Temperament and Personality
Keeshonden are known for their cheerful, playful demeanor. They're affectionate with family members—often called "velcro dogs" because they love staying close to their people. These dogs are gentle with children and generally get along well with other pets.
- Tolerant and patient with kids
- Amiable toward other dogs
- Eager to please; quick learners
Keeshonden excel at obedience and agility thanks to their intelligence and willingness to learn. They're instinctively vocal as watchdogs—barking to alert owners of anything unusual—but rarely show aggression.
Grooming Needs
The breed's double coat requires regular attention:
- Weekly brushing prevents matting and controls shedding.
- Shedding intensifies once or twice a year when they "blow" their undercoat (lasting up to three weeks).
Bathe only occasionally—the coat tends not to develop typical "doggy" odor. Regular nail trimming, dental care, and ear checks are also important parts of grooming.
Living Requirements & Exercise
Keeshonden adapt well to various living situations—even apartments—if they get enough daily exercise (about an hour per day). Their thick coats make them comfortable in cold weather but susceptible to overheating in heat or humidity. On hot days:
- Provide shade and fresh water
- Avoid intense activity during peak heat
This breed thrives on companionship; they don't like being left alone for long periods.
Health Considerations
Keeshonden are generally healthy but can be prone to some hereditary conditions:
- Hip dysplasia
- Patellar luxation (loose knees)
- Epilepsy
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes & Cushing's disease (rarely von Willebrand's disease)
Lifespan averages between 12–15 years, though some live even longer. Responsible breeders screen for health issues using patella/hip/elbow evaluations plus DNA testing for certain diseases.
Diet & Nutrition
A high-quality commercial or home-prepared diet suited to age, size, and activity level keeps Keeshonden healthy. Portion control helps prevent obesity—a risk factor for many health problems. Clean water should always be available; treats are best given sparingly.
Barking & Trainability
Keeshonden bark to alert you about strangers or odd activities but aren't usually nuisance barkers if exercised properly and included in family life. They're easy to train using consistent positive reinforcement methods; early socialization helps avoid shyness or excessive independence.
The Modern Keeshond: Family Pet & Companion
This breed has played many roles over time: loyal companion, barge dog, vermin controller, vigilant guardian—and today remains beloved for its lively spirit and affectionate nature. Notable owners have included Walt Disney, William Butler Yeats, and Princess Diana. With their cheerful "smiling" expression (earning them the nickname "the Smiling Dutchman"), Keeshonden make delightful family pets who thrive when they're part of daily life.
