The Old English Sheepdog: History, Appearance, Temperament, and Care
The Old English Sheepdog, affectionately called the "Bobtail," has charmed dog lovers for more than two centuries. Originating in England's West Country, this breed was developed as a hardworking drover's dog—its main job was to drive sheep and cattle to market. Over time, it evolved into the iconic, shaggy companion we know today.
Distinctive Appearance
Few breeds are as instantly recognizable as the Old English Sheepdog. Their thick, double-layered coats envelop their bodies—including their eyes and ears—in a mass of long, rough hair. Underneath the outer guard hairs lies a dense, soft undercoat that’s both waterproof and insulating. Coat colors range from grey, grizzle, black, blue, or blue merle—typically with white markings on the head, neck, chest, and forequarters. Puppies start out black-and-white before maturing into their signature shades of grey or blue.
This breed doesn’t shed much unless brushed (which is essential), but their abundant hair needs daily attention to prevent mats and tangles. Many owners use clippers to keep the coat manageable; professional grooming is often recommended.
- Males stand at least 22 inches at the shoulder; females are slightly smaller.
- Weight ranges from 60–100 pounds (27–45 kg), with females on the lighter side.
- Their build is compact and muscular with a square outline and distinctive rolling gait.
- Ears lie flat against the head; eyes may be brown, blue, or one of each.
Historically, tails were docked (hence "Bobtail") to indicate working status and avoid taxes. Today, most keep their natural feathered tails due to animal welfare laws.
Temperament & Family Life
Old English Sheepdogs are affectionate clowns—cheerful and devoted to their families. They’re gentle with children but can be boisterous (sometimes herding kids or pets thanks to strong instincts). Generally sociable with other dogs and strangers alike, they thrive on early socialization and consistent routines.
The breed is highly intelligent but can be independent or stubborn. Training works best when it’s patient and engaging—reward-based methods help them stay focused. These dogs bond closely with their people; they don’t like being left alone for long stretches.
Exercise & Activity Needs
This isn’t a couch potato breed! Old English Sheepdogs need plenty of mental and physical stimulation:
- One to two hours of vigorous daily activity (long walks, play sessions).
- Dog sports like agility or obedience provide excellent outlets for energy.
- A large fenced yard is ideal—they’re not suited for apartment living or solitary lifestyles.
Lack of exercise can lead to boredom or destructive behaviors. They prefer living indoors with family but need easy access to outdoor space for playtime.
Grooming & Coat Care
Their famous coat requires dedication:
- Daily brushing prevents mats/tangles and removes debris.
- Check regularly for skin issues hidden by thick fur.
- Professional grooming every few weeks helps manage length and cleanliness.
The coat’s density protects them in cold/wet weather—but it also puts them at risk of overheating in hot climates. Owners should watch carefully for heat stress during summer months.
Health Considerations
Old English Sheepdogs, like many purebreds, face some inherited health risks:
- Hip dysplasia: Affects mobility due to abnormal hip joint development.
- Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus): Life-threatening stomach twisting requiring immediate care.
- Eye conditions: Cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), retinal detachment—all may cause vision loss or blindness.
- Congenital deafness: Some are born deaf in one/both ears.
- Ciliary dyskinesia: Impaired airway clearance leading to respiratory issues.
- Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone causing weight gain/skin problems.
- Mange (demodicosis): Skin irritation from mite overgrowth.
- Sensitivity/allergies: Chronic itching/skin infections are possible.
- Bleeding disorders: Includes Von Willebrand’s disease and others affecting clotting ability.
- Lameness/joint issues: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), cervical vertebral instability (Wobbler’s syndrome).
- Dilated cardiomyopathy: Serious heart condition seen in some bloodlines.
- Liver/kidney issues: Portosystemic shunt; bladder/kidney stones possible.
- Cancer risk: Lymphoma/bone cancer occur more frequently than average.
A typical life expectancy is about ten to twelve years—some reach fourteen with attentive care. Regular veterinary visits and responsible breeding help reduce health risks.
The Breed's Role in Culture & Media
The Old English Sheepdog became popular in America during the late nineteenth century—first as a working dog then as a status symbol among wealthy families. Their unique look made them favorites in films, TV shows, and advertising campaigns (notably as the Dulux paint mascot). Historically, their coats were even shorn alongside sheep for garment use.
Lifestyle Suitability
This breed fits best with experienced owners who have ample space, time, and energy for grooming/exercise needs:
- Lively households with older children suit them well—their size/exuberance can overwhelm toddlers.
- The breed isn’t hypoallergenic; they shed moderately, especially seasonally.
- Drooling/protective barking are common traits.
If you’re ready for daily brushing, vigorous playtime, and lots of companionship, an Old English Sheepdog will reward you with loyalty, wit, and enduring puppy-like joy throughout its life.
