Understanding Why Dogs Tear: Emotional or Medical?
Dogs are beloved companions known for their expressive behaviors and deep emotional bonds with humans. Many pet owners wonder:
what does it mean when a dog tears? Does it indicate sadness, discomfort, or something else entirely? This article explores the scientific and behavioral explanations behind watery eyes in dogs.
Do Dogs Cry Like Humans?
Unlike humans, who are the only species known to
routinely shed emotional tears, dogs do not cry tears of emotion. Although dogs have tear ducts necessary for eye health, these ducts are structured to drain liquid away from the eyes through the nose and throat, not down the face. Therefore, visible tears in dogs usually signal a physical issue rather than emotional expression.
Common Causes of Watery Eyes in Dogs
Several physiological factors can cause excessive tearing in dogs:
- Allergies: Environmental allergens like pollen, dust, smoke, and food ingredients can cause watery eyes.
- Blocked Tear Ducts: When tear ducts are clogged, tears cannot drain properly, resulting in overflow.
- Eye Infections: Accompanied by colored discharge, swelling, or irritation, infections can cause excessive tearing.
- Foreign Objects: Dirt or debris stuck in the eye can lead to reflexive tearing.
- Eye Injuries: Common in active dogs, scratches or trauma to the eye can trigger tearing.
- Brachycephalic Breeds: Dogs with flat faces or prominent eyes (e.g., Pugs, Bulldogs) are more prone to eye discharge and tear staining.
- Underlying Conditions: Issues like dry eye, glaucoma, abnormal eyelash growth, or chronic irritation may also contribute.
Do Dogs Show Emotions Through Tears?
Although emotional tearing in dogs is not scientifically proven in the same way as in humans, one study published in
Current Biology suggests that dogs produced more tears when reunited with their owners after a separation. The increase in tear volume was assessed using the Schirmer tear test and might be associated with elevated levels of the bonding hormone
oxytocin.
However, many experts remain cautious. Tear production varies depending on breed, individual physiology, and even the method of testing. As such, there is still
no scientific consensus that dogs cry due to emotions.
How Dogs Express Emotions
Dogs use a combination of body language and vocalizations to convey feelings like sadness, anxiety, or happiness. When a dog appears "sad," they might show signs such as:
- Lethargy
- Decreased interest in food
- Whimpering or whining
- Squinty or watery eyes
- Less interest in play or attention
- Red eyes or exposed third eyelid
These behaviors are more telling of a dog’s emotional state than tears. Puppies, for instance, often whimper or whine to gain attention — a form of communication they continue using into adulthood to express various needs.
Dogs Responding to Human Emotions
Dogs are remarkably intuitive and often respond to the emotional cues of their human companions. When their owners are upset or crying, dogs may:
- Nuzzle or lick their face
- Rest their head on the owner's lap
- Stay physically close for comfort
These comforting behaviors stem from sensitivity to vocal tone, body language, and the strong emotional bond dogs share with their humans.
When to See a Veterinarian
If your dog consistently shows signs of tearing, or if you observe swelling, discharge, redness, or discomfort, it's crucial to consult a veterinarian. Untreated eye issues can lead to pain or infections.
Caring for a Dog with Watery Eyes
To ensure your dog's eyes remain healthy:
- Clean discharge with a damp cloth gently around the eyes.
- Prevent scratching or rubbing using an e-collar or soft paw covers.
- Trim long facial hair to reduce eye irritation.
- Monitor allergens in your dog's environment and eliminate known irritants.
- Use whitening shampoos for tear-stained fur if recommended by your vet.
- Always follow veterinary advice for medication or treatment procedures.
Conclusion
While dogs do not cry tears for emotional reasons like humans, they are
highly emotionally intelligent animals that form deep bonds and express their feelings in complex ways. Understanding the difference between emotional expression and physiological symptoms like tearing is essential for proper care. If your dog’s eyes are persistently watery, consult a veterinarian to rule out any medical issues. By staying attentive to their body language and behavior, you can better understand and support your dog’s emotional and physical well-being.
