How Long Are Cats Affected by Catnip?
Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a fascinating plant in the mint family that notoriously sends cats into a state of temporary euphoria. Commonly associated with playfulness, rolling, purring, and even zoning out, the effects of catnip are short-lived but impactful. Understanding the duration and effects of catnip can help pet owners use it more effectively and safely.
What Causes the 'High' in Cats?
The active compound in catnip is called nepetalactone. This volatile oil is found primarily in the leaves and stems. When a cat smells nepetalactone, the compound binds to receptors inside the cat’s nose and ultimately affects the brain, particularly areas linked to emotion and behavior, such as the amygdala and hypothalamus.
Duration of the Effects
Cats typically experience the effects for about 10 to 15 minutes. After that, the euphoric or hyperactive behavior subsides, and the cat becomes temporarily immune to catnip’s influence. This immunity phase can last anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours, depending on the individual cat before sensitivity resets.
Typical Behaviors During Exposure
- Rolling and rubbing surfaces or toys
- Increased vocalizations
- Excessive grooming
- Hyperactivity or zooming
- Relaxation or a 'zoned out' behavior
Less commonly, some cats may show mild aggression or over-excitability. First-time users should be supervised to ensure the reaction is positive and harmless.
What Happens If Cats Eat Catnip?
When ingested rather than smelled, catnip often acts as a mild sedative, producing a state of calm rather than hyperactivity. Some cats respond by chewing or swallowing parts of the plant or toy stuffing. These reactions can differ significantly from sniffing alone.
Genetic Sensitivity
Approximately 30% to 40% of cats are genetically insensitive to catnip. This means they do not respond at all to either smelling or ingesting it.
- Kittens: Typically unresponsive until 3–6 months of age
- Senior cats: May have diminished responses
- All cats: Can differ widely in behavior and sensitivity
Is Catnip Safe?
Yes, catnip is generally non-addictive and safe when used moderately. Cats typically self-regulate and walk away when they've had enough. However, excessive ingestion may lead to mild gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting or diarrhea.
How to Use Catnip Safely
- Limit sessions to a few times a week to avoid desensitization
- Use small amounts—especially if fresh
- Store dried catnip in an airtight container in the freezer
- Supervise new reactions closely
Forms in which catnip is available include:
- Fresh leaves
- Dried herb
- Sprays
- Toys filled with catnip
Additional Uses and Cautions
Catnip can be used to promote positive behaviors, such as encouraging use of scratching posts or exploring new environments. Some veterinarians recommend it for reducing mild anxiety during travel or changes in routine. However, it should be used cautiously in cats prone to aggression or high anxiety, as their reactions may be unpredictable.
Alternatives for Non-Responsive Cats
Cats that do not respond to catnip may benefit from other herbs like:
- Silvervine
- Valerian root
- Tatarian honeysuckle
Catnip and Humans
Interestingly, nepetalactone also acts as a natural mosquito repellent and has mild sedative properties in humans. Some people brew catnip tea as a herbal remedy for relaxation.
Conclusion
In summary, the euphoric effect of catnip typically lasts 10 to 15 minutes, followed by a temporary immunity of up to two hours. Catnip is a safe, enriching addition to your cat’s routine when used in moderation. Always observe your pet for individual reactions, and remember that not all cats respond to this intriguing herb. For cats that do, it provides a delightful burst of playful stimulation.
