How Long Does the Bordetella Vaccine Last in Dogs?
The
Bordetella vaccine plays a crucial role in preventing kennel cough, a highly contagious respiratory condition in dogs. Pet parents who take their dogs to grooming salons, boarding facilities, or dog parks often ask:
How long does the Bordetella vaccine last? Understanding the vaccine's effectiveness and duration is vital for keeping your pet protected and healthy.
What is the Bordetella Vaccine?
Kennel cough, medically known as
canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is primarily caused by the bacterium
Bordetella bronchiseptica. The Bordetella vaccine helps to protect dogs from this bacterium, limiting the severity and spread of the disease.
The vaccine is available in three formats:
- Intranasal: A liquid administered via the dog’s nostrils.
- Oral: A liquid given by mouth.
- Injectable: Administered under the skin.
Each type is effective but may have different administration guidelines and booster schedules.
Duration of Immunity
The Bordetella vaccine typically provides protection for
one year. However, certain factors may require more frequent boosters:
- Dogs attending daycares, boarding facilities, or training classes where exposure risk is high
- Veterinarian or facility recommendation for biannual vaccination
- Specific vaccine type and brand
For dogs with greater exposure to social environments, some veterinarians recommend a booster every
six months to bolster immunity.
Initial Vaccination and Boosters
For puppies:
- Intranasal and oral vaccines can be administered as early as 3–8 weeks of age.
- Injectable vaccines are typically started at 6–8 weeks of age and followed with a booster 3–4 weeks later.
For adult dogs:
- An initial vaccine followed by annual or semi-annual boosters depending on lifestyle and risk factors.
Signs It May Be Time for a Booster
Your dog may need a booster shot if:
- It has been close to or over a year since the last vaccine
- You're planning trips involving boarding or daycare
- They frequently interact with other dogs at parks or during walks
Does the Vaccine Guarantee Complete Protection?
While the vaccine is highly effective,
breakthrough infections can occur. These cases tend to be much
milder, with less severe symptoms and shorter recovery times.
Vaccine Side Effects
Most dogs tolerate the Bordetella vaccine well, but minor side effects may occur:
- Mild nasal discharge or sneezing (especially with intranasal types)
- Temporary lethargy or low-grade fever
- Soreness at the injection site
Serious side effects are rare, but you should always monitor your dog and notify your veterinarian of any adverse reactions.
Special Considerations
Some dogs may not be good candidates for the vaccine:
- Immunocompromised dogs
- Pregnant or currently ill dogs
- Dogs with a history of vaccine sensitivity
Discuss any concerns with your vet to determine the best course of action.
How Often Should You Vaccinate Your Dog?
To answer this clearly:
- For most dogs: Annually
- For high-risk dogs: Every six months
Importance of Staying Current
Staying up to date with the Bordetella vaccine is critical because:
- Many facilities require proof of vaccination.
- Your dog’s health and community risk depend on herd protection.
- Breakthrough infections are less severe in vaccinated dogs.
Conclusion
In general, the
Bordetella vaccine lasts for 12 months, but your vet may recommend a six-month interval for enhanced protection if your dog is frequently around others. Choosing the right vaccination schedule depends on your dog’s lifestyle, exposure risk, and individual health history. Talk to your veterinarian to determine the best plan to keep your furry companion safe and healthy all year long.
