How to Relieve Swollen Glands in Dogs
Swollen anal glands, also known as anal sacs, are a common issue in dogs. These small sacs are located on either side of the anus at approximately the four o'clock and eight o'clock positions. They release a pungent secretion during bowel movements, which dogs use to mark territory and identify each other. If these glands do not empty properly, they can become swollen, impacted, or infected.
Causes of Swollen Anal Glands
Swollen glands usually result from impaired emptying of the anal sacs. The primary causes include:
- Soft or poorly formed stools, often due to low dietary fiber
- Obesity, which interferes with normal gland expression
- Chronic skin or environmental allergies
- Insufficient physical activity
- Genetic predisposition, especially in small breeds
Common Symptoms
Recognizable signs of anal gland problems include:
- Scooting – dragging their rear on the ground
- Frequent licking or biting near the rear
- Straining or pain during defecation
- Swelling or redness near the anus
- Discharge, blood, or pus from the anal region
- A strong or foul odor
- Behavioral changes like lethargy or appetite loss
When to See the Veterinarian
Swollen glands that are not resolving, or are accompanied by signs like bleeding, pus, fever, or significant pain, should be handled by a veterinarian. They can diagnose the severity of the condition through a physical or rectal exam.
Treatments and Professional Care
Veterinary care options include:
- Manual expression of the glands (internal or external)
- Flushing the glands if impaction is present
- Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications for infections
- Surgical procedures in severe or recurrent cases, including anal gland removal
Home Care Measures
If the condition is mild:
- Apply a warm compress to the area
- Use pet-safe wipes for gentle cleaning
However, do not manually express the glands unless trained and approved by a vet, as improper handling can cause injury.
Preventing Swollen Glands
- Proper Diet: Feed a high-fiber dog food to support firm stools. Add green beans, canned pumpkin (not pie mix), or fiber supplements per your vet’s advice.
- Weight Management: Keep your dog within a healthy weight range.
- Regular Exercise: Keeps the rectal muscles strong and aids in proper gland function.
- Manage Allergies: Identify and control food or environmental allergens.
- Routine Checkups: Dogs with a history of gland problems may need regular gland expressions by a veterinarian.
Risks and Surgery
In rare or chronic cases, veterinarians may recommend anal sacculectomy—surgical removal of the glands. Though generally successful, it carries risks such as temporary or permanent fecal incontinence or wound complications.
Final Tips
Never attempt to express your dog’s glands unless you have been trained by a professional. Prompt veterinary intervention is key to resolving swelling before it turns into an infection or abscess. With proper care and preventative strategies, dogs can live comfortably without anal gland issues.
