Dog Breeds Most Prone to Hot Spots and How to Help
Hot spots, also known as acute moist dermatitis, are painful, rapidly developing areas of skin inflammation and infection in dogs. These lesions appear red, moist, and often have a foul odor. They are usually triggered by irritation that causes a dog to lick, chew, or scratch excessively, damaging the skin and allowing bacteria to thrive.
Why Certain Dog Breeds Are More Susceptible
Some dog breeds are more prone to developing hot spots due to their physical characteristics, such as a dense or long coat that retains moisture and heat. This creates a perfect environment for bacterial overgrowth if the skin is damaged.
- Golden Retrievers — Their thick, water-repellent double coat can trap moisture, especially after swimming or bathing.
- Labrador Retrievers — Similar to Goldens, they are prone especially if not dried thoroughly after getting wet.
- St. Bernards — Their massive, thick coat and drooling tendencies can make the skin under their jowls susceptible to infection.
- German Shepherd Dogs — Known for their dense undercoat that can mat and trap debris, leading to irritation and infections.
- Newfoundlands — These water-loving dogs have a thick coat that stays wet for long periods, encouraging hot spot formation.
- Collies — Their long, flowing fur can make grooming a challenge, leading to matting and moisture buildup.
- Akitas — Their dense coat and natural oil production make them prone to bacterial skin infections if the skin is compromised.
Common Causes of Hot Spots
Hot spots often develop as a result of an underlying trigger that starts an itch-scratch-lick cycle. Key causes include:
- Allergies (environmental, food, or flea allergy dermatitis)
- Parasites such as fleas, ticks, or mites
- Ear infections leading to scratching of the ears or neck
- Moisture trapped in fur from swimming, bathing, or rain
- Poor grooming or matted hair causing skin irritation
- Behavioral issues such as boredom, anxiety, or stress
- Insect bites or contact with irritants
- Underlying medical conditions like hypothyroidism or arthritis
Signs to Watch For
Hot spots typically form quickly and worsen over hours or days. Symptoms include:
- Red, inflamed patches with a defined border
- Hair loss around the lesion
- Constant licking, chewing, or scratching in one area
- Damp or crusty fur, sometimes with pus or unpleasant odor
- Swelling and pain when touched
Treatment Options
Treatment of hot spots begins with identifying and managing the underlying cause. Veterinary-supervised treatment may include:
- Clipping hair around the lesion to allow air and medication to reach the skin
- Cleansing the area with a gentle antiseptic such as chlorhexidine
- Topical medications including antibiotics, drying agents, or anti-inflammatory creams
- Oral antibiotics for more severe infections
- Anti-itch medications like corticosteroids or antihistamines
- Protective collars (E-collar or soft collars) to prevent further irritation
- Treatment of root causes such as allergies, infections, or behavioral issues
When to Seek Veterinary Help
- Lesions that rapidly expand or worsen
- Hot spots near the eyes, ears, or throat
- Obvious pain, swelling, or foul odor
- Dogs that seem unwell overall (fever, lethargy)
Prevention Tips for At-Risk Breeds
If your dog is among the breeds listed above, consider taking proactive steps to avoid hot spots:
- Brush regularly to avoid matting and remove moisture-trapping debris
- Dry your dog completely after swimming, bathing, or playing in the rain
- Check ears, armpits, groin, and under neck folds frequently for moisture or irritation
- Use vet-approved flea and tick preventives year-round
- Feed a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids for skin health
- Provide enough mental and physical stimulation to curb anxiety behaviors
- Schedule regular check-ups to monitor for skin infections or allergies
Conclusion
Hot spots can cause considerable discomfort for dogs and concern for pet owners, especially those caring for breeds with long or dense coats. Recognizing early signs, seeking veterinary treatment promptly, and implementing effective grooming and health routines are essential to manage and prevent hot spots. By staying proactive, pet owners can ensure their dogs remain happy and healthy, even during the warm and humid months that tend to trigger outbreaks.
