What Can Be Mistaken for Reverse Sneezing in Dogs?
For many dog owners, reverse sneezing can be an alarming sight. This sudden, noisy breathing reflex may seem like a serious health issue, but understanding what it is—and more importantly, what it isn’t—is essential for proper care. While reverse sneezing is generally harmless and self-limiting, there are several other conditions that can mimic its symptoms and require medical attention. Here's a comprehensive look at what might be mistaken for reverse sneezing in dogs and how to differentiate them.
Understanding Reverse Sneezing
Reverse sneezing, or paroxysmal respiration, is a reflex involving sudden, noisy inhalation often described as snorting or honking. It occurs when a dog rapidly pulls air into the nose, usually due to irritation of the soft palate or nasopharynx. Symptoms include:
- Sudden onset of loud, snorting inhalation
- Extended head and neck
- Flaring nostrils
- Closed mouth during the episode
- Episodes lasting a few seconds to a minute
Most dogs act completely normal before and after an episode.
Conditions Mistaken for Reverse Sneezing
Several medical conditions share similar symptoms with reverse sneezing. Differential diagnosis is crucial to ensure your dog receives appropriate treatment:
- Upper Respiratory Infections
Infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi can create nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, and snorting. These symptoms may resemble reverse sneezing but typically persist longer and may be accompanied by fever or lethargy. - Collapsing Trachea
More common in small dog breeds like Yorkies and Pomeranians, this condition causes a honking cough that may sound like reverse sneezing. Unlike reverse sneezing, it affects the trachea and can worsen over time, especially with excitement or exertion. - Foreign Bodies in the Nasal Passage
Plant material (like grass awns), dust, or small objects can lodge in the nasal cavity, triggering sneezing or gagging. These episodes are often persistent and may include pawing at the face or nasal discharge. - Nasal Tumors or Polyps
Masses in the nasal cavity can cause chronic nasal congestion, sneezing, or breathing difficulties. If your dog has frequent symptoms or nasal bleeding, consult your vet immediately. - Choking or Gagging
Eating too quickly or ingesting something that causes a blockage can lead to loud, sudden gasping sounds. These cases are emergencies if the airway is obstructed. - Canine Asthma (in cats)
While rare in dogs, similar symptoms in cats could indicate feline asthma. Unlike reverse sneezing, asthma causes wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing—and requires veterinary attention.
Common Triggers and Breeds Susceptible to Reverse Sneezing
Several irritants can trigger reverse sneezing episodes. These include:
- Dust, pollen, or smoke
- Perfumes or cleaning agents
- Foreign material such as grass or seeds
- Nasal mites
- Pulling on the leash
- Excitement or rapid eating
Small breeds and brachycephalic (flat-faced) dogs like Pugs, Bulldogs, and Shih Tzus are more prone due to anatomical features such as narrow airways or elongated soft palates. These dogs may also suffer from Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome, which can cause similar breathing episodes.
When to See the Veterinarian
If you’re unsure whether your dog is experiencing reverse sneezing or something more serious, consult a veterinarian. Seek veterinary care if:
- Episodes are frequent, prolonged, or worsen over time
- There is nasal discharge, especially if bloody
- Symptoms include coughing, choking, or fainting
- An episode does not resolve within a minute
Recording a video of the episode can help your vet make a more accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Veterinarians generally diagnose reverse sneezing based on history, physical examination, and symptom description. In some instances, further tests may include:
- Blood work or allergy testing
- X-rays or imaging
- Rhinoscopy (camera examination of the nasal passages)
Treatment is often unnecessary, as episodes usually resolve on their own. However, if an underlying cause such as allergies or nasal mites is identified, treatment options may include:
- Antihistamines or corticosteroids
- Antiparasitic medications like ivermectin
- Surgical intervention for structural abnormalities
- Environmental changes to reduce exposure to irritants
How to Help Your Dog During an Episode
- Stay calm to avoid increasing your dog’s anxiety
- Gently massage the throat area
- Briefly cover the nostrils to encourage swallowing
- Blow gently on the face to stimulate swallowing reflex
Conclusion
While reverse sneezing can appear distressing, it’s rarely harmful. Still, certain conditions—such as infections, collapsing trachea, or nasal tumors—may mimic its presentation. Knowing the difference can ensure your dog gets the right care when needed. Always consult with your veterinarian if you’re concerned or if symptoms escalate.
