Understanding Dew Claws in Dogs: Causes and Importance
Dew claws are a unique feature in many dogs, often raising questions among pet owners about their purpose and origin. These small, thumb-like digits located higher up on the leg than the other toes can be found on the front, and sometimes even the rear legs of dogs.
What Are Dew Claws?
A dew claw is considered the canine equivalent of a thumb or big toe. Most commonly seen on the front legs, these claws are attached by bone and muscle, offering some degree of functionality. In some breeds, dew claws also appear on the hind legs and may even be double.
What Causes Dew Claws?
The primary cause of dew claws in dogs is genetics. They are vestigial structures inherited from their evolutionary ancestors. These extra toes likely originated when wild canids such as wolves had a greater need for traction and climbing, where an additional digit could aid in catching prey or navigating tough terrain.
The presence, absence, number, and positioning of dew claws vary between breeds and individual dogs. Some breeds are genetically predisposed to have dew claws on both front and hind legs, while others only have front dew claws, and in some, they are entirely absent.
Breeds Known for Dew Claws
- Great Pyrenees: Often have double rear dew claws, considered a breed standard.
- Briard: Also possesses double rear dew claws, required for show standards.
- Beauceron: Another breed known for double dew claws on the hind legs.
- Labrador Retrievers: Typically have front dew claws only.
In these breeds, dew claws are not anomalies but rather a result of specific breeding practices and historical utility.
Are Dew Claws Functional?
While some consider them useless, front dew claws in particular can serve a purpose. Dogs may use them for:
- Grasping bones or toys
- Helping maintain balance during sharp turns or running
- Climbing out of water or rough terrain
Rear dew claws, especially when they are not connected by bone, tend to be less functional and more prone to injury due to their loose attachment and positioning.
Should Dew Claws Be Removed?
This is a topic of ongoing debate. Traditionally, dew claw removal was common practice, especially in breeds used for hunting or sporting, where the claws could potentially snag or tear during activity. However, many veterinarians and animal welfare advocates question the necessity of routine dew claw removal.
Reasons for Dew Claw Removal
- Risk of injury: Loose or floppy dew claws can catch on furniture or weeds, leading to injury.
- Infection: Poor hygiene or trauma can cause infection, sometimes requiring removal.
- Breed standards: Some show lines mandate the absence or specific structure of dew claws.
Reasons to Keep Dew Claws
- Natural anatomy: If attached by bone and serving a purpose, removal may be unnecessary.
- Pain and recovery: Surgical removal, especially later in life, can be painful and involve risk.
- Veterinary opinion: Most vets now assess dew claws on a case-by-case basis rather than recommending automatic removal.
How to Care for Dew Claws
If your dog has dew claws, proper care is essential:
- Regular trimming: Ensure dew claws are clipped regularly as they don't wear down through walking.
- Inspection: Check for signs of redness, swelling, or injury during grooming sessions.
- Veterinary advice: Consult your vet if the claws appear malformed or cause your dog discomfort.
Conclusion
Dew claws are a normal and often genetic part of canine anatomy. Whether they remain or are removed depends on several factors including functionality, breed, and health considerations. Understanding their origins and purpose can help owners make informed decisions for their pets. In many cases, dew claws require minimal maintenance and can remain part of a healthy dog's natural structure for life.
