Understanding the Temperament and Nature of the Norwegian Elkhound
When discussing aggressive dog breeds, it’s crucial to rely on factual information rather than stereotypes. One breed that is often misunderstood is the Norwegian Elkhound. Despite its hunting history and strong build, this breed is not inherently aggressive. In fact, it boasts characteristics that make it a loyal and trustworthy companion for many families.
Breed Overview: Norwegian Elkhound
The Norwegian Elkhound is a robust, medium-sized spitz-type breed that serves as the national dog of Norway. This ancient breed has an impressive history dating back to 5,000 B.C., often found buried alongside Vikings. Traditionally named 'Norsk Elghund' or ‘moose dog’, it was primarily used for tracking and holding large game animals such as moose, bears, and wolves.
- Height: Males - ~20.5 inches; Females - ~19.5 inches
- Weight: Males - ~55 pounds; Females - ~48 pounds
- Coat: Dense, silver-gray double coat
- Lifespan: 12 to 15 years
Temperament and Behavior
One of the most significant misconceptions is that hunting breeds are aggressive. The Norwegian Elkhound proves otherwise. This breed's temperament is a balance of boldness and friendliness. They are known for being:
- Loyal and affectionate with family members
- Playful, enjoying interaction with children and adults alike
- Alert and vocal — excellent watchdogs
- Independent thinkers, often requiring patient training
Contrary to the image of a fierce hunting dog, the Norwegian Elkhound is notably not aggressive. They quickly warm to family members and friends. However, due to their alert nature, they may be initially wary of strangers — a characteristic that makes them good watchdogs, but not dangerous or unpredictable. When properly socialized, they can coexist peacefully with other pets and animals.
Prey Drive and Socialization
While Elkhounds have a strong prey drive — a remnant of their hunting role — this should not be confused with aggression. The prey drive may manifest as chasing small animals, especially if left unsupervised. With early and consistent socialization, these instincts can be managed effectively. Introducing the Elkhound to different environments, people, and animals during puppyhood lays the foundation for proper behavior as an adult.
Training and Mental Stimulation
Due to their intelligence and independence, Norwegian Elkhounds respond best to positive reinforcement training. Training should be:
- Consistent and structured
- Engaging – avoid repetition to prevent boredom
- Reward-based – especially food-motivated sessions
Patience is key, as they may be stubborn and easily distracted. Crate training and attending obedience classes are highly recommended to establish good manners and reduce any behavioral issues.
Exercise Needs and Environment
Elkhounds are high-energy dogs requiring a minimum of one hour of exercise daily to stay healthy and mentally balanced. Suitable activities include:
- Hiking and running
- Swimming and walking
- Agility and herding sports
- Tracking and scent work
A secure, fenced yard is ideal, as they may wander off due to their tracking instincts. Keeping their minds and bodies busy prevents nuisance behaviors such as excessive barking, chewing, or escaping.
Health and Maintenance
The Elkhound has relatively few health issues but may be predisposed to:
- Hip dysplasia
- Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)
- Fanconi syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
Routine vet checkups and genetic screenings help maintain their health. Grooming needs include:
- Weekly brushing to manage the thick coat
- Daily grooming during shedding seasons
- Minimal bathing – only a few times a year
- Regular nail trimming and teeth brushing
Why the Norwegian Elkhound Is Not Considered Aggressive
Despite taking on roles such as hunter, watchdog, and livestock guardian, the Norwegian Elkhound is not driven by aggression. They are protective but not dangerous, making them reliable companions when raised and trained appropriately. Their history as close human companions, even laying in Viking graves, reflects their importance and trust within human society.
Conclusion
Labeling a breed as the "most aggressive" lacks nuance and context. The Norwegian Elkhound—though strong, alert, and capable—is clearly not the number one aggressive dog breed in the world. With traits like loyalty, intelligence, and sociability, combined with appropriate care and training, Elkhounds become excellent family dogs. Aggression in any breed more often results from poor upbringing, lack of socialization, or mistreatment than from inherent temperament.
