What to Do If You Get Bitten by Your Cat
Cat bites, although often underestimated, can pose serious health risks due to the unique structure of a cat's teeth and the bacteria present in their mouths. Their sharp, narrow teeth tend to puncture the skin deeply, allowing bacteria to become trapped under the surface and potentially fester.
Initial Steps After a Cat Bite
Taking immediate action after a cat bite is crucial to prevent a potentially severe infection.
- Wash the wound thoroughly under running water for at least 5 minutes with mild soap. Avoid vigorous scrubbing or alcohol-based disinfectants as they may damage tissue.
- Control any bleeding by applying direct pressure with a clean cloth or gauze.
- Apply over-the-counter antibiotic ointment and cover the wound with a sterile bandage.
- Seek medical advice within 8 hours, especially if the bite is deep, painful, or showing signs of infection.
Why Cat Bites Are Especially Dangerous
Cat mouths can harbor up to 200 types of bacteria, many of which can be harmful to humans. Their bites often seal quickly on the skin’s surface, trapping harmful bacteria inside. This creates ideal conditions for infection.
Some common pathogens associated with cat bites include:
- Pasteurella multocida: Present in 70–90% of cats, it can cause painful and swollen infections within hours.
- Bartonella henselae: Responsible for Cat Scratch Disease, with symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
- Campylobacter: May cause gastrointestinal illness.
- Tetanus: Deep puncture wounds are more susceptible; a booster may be needed if you’re not up to date.
- Rabies: Rare in domestic cats in the U.S., but still a concern, especially from stray or unvaccinated animals.
When to Seek Medical Help
It is important to consult a healthcare provider if:
- The bite breaks the skin or is deep.
- You notice redness, swelling, pus, or warmth around the wound.
- You develop systemic symptoms like fever or chills.
- You are immunocompromised, diabetic, or elderly.
Medical professionals might:
- Thoroughly clean the wound using sterile saline solution.
- Prescribe oral and/or topical antibiotics.
- Provide a tetanus booster if necessary.
- Assess risk and possibly begin rabies prophylaxis.
- Decide whether to suture the wound or allow it to heal naturally.
Potential Complications
Ignoring a cat bite can result in:
- Cellulitis: Bacterial skin infection spreading beneath the surface.
- Septicemia: Blood infection that can be life-threatening.
- Nerve or tendon injury: Especially if the bite is over joints or the hands.
- Scarring or abscess formation: If the wound becomes severely infected.
Reporting and Rabies Considerations
In many jurisdictions, cat bites need to be reported to the local health department. A vaccinated cat may be quarantined for 10–14 days. Unvaccinated or unknown-status cats require extended observation or testing. Rabies is rare in household cats in the U.S., but evaluation is essential.
Preventing Cat Bites and Scratches
Taking precautions can reduce the chance of being bitten:
- Avoid rough play with cats, especially using your hands.
- Learn to recognize signs of feline stress or agitation—such as crouching, flat ears, hissing, or a twitching tail.
- Keep your cat’s vaccinations and claw trimming up to date.
- Practice safe handling with unfamiliar or stray cats.
Understanding Cat Behavior
Cats bite for various reasons:
- Overstimulation: Petting beyond a cat’s comfort threshold.
- Fear or stress: Unfamiliar environments or loud noises.
- Health issues: Dental disease or pain-related aggression.
- Play aggression: Hunting instinct inappropriately directed at humans.
Consulting a veterinarian or feline behaviorist may help address persistent or unusual biting.
Summary
Cat bites can escalate into serious medical concerns if untreated. Immediate cleaning, close monitoring, and timely medical intervention are essential. By understanding feline behavior and exercising caution, most cat bites can be prevented. When in doubt, always seek professional medical care to ensure optimal healing and avoid complications.
