Understanding Veterinary Telemedicine Laws by State
Veterinary telemedicine is a rapidly evolving service that allows pet owners to receive professional veterinary care remotely. This approach gained significant traction during the COVID-19 pandemic and continues to provide a convenient solution for routine consultations, follow-ups, and minor health issues. However, the laws regulating veterinary telemedicine vary widely by U.S. state, with particular attention to whether a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR) is required before delivering care remotely.
What Is Veterinary Telemedicine?
Veterinary telemedicine involves the use of technology—video calls, phone consultations, and digital apps—to diagnose, treat, or manage pets' medical conditions without a physical visit to a clinic. It can improve access to care, reduce stress on animals, and lower costs for pet owners. However, specific laws govern when and how telemedicine can be delivered legally.
What Is a Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR)?
A VCPR is a legally recognized relationship established when a veterinarian has examined an animal in person and agreed to take responsibility for its medical care. Most state laws require a VCPR to be in place before any treatment or telemedicine service can legally occur.
States That Allow Veterinary Telemedicine With Flexibility
Several states have introduced more flexible laws on telemedicine, allowing virtual care with or without an in-person visit:
- California: Allows telemedicine following the establishment of a VCPR in-person.
- New York: Permits telemedicine if a valid VCPR has already been established.
- Ohio: Had temporary COVID-19 provisions to expand access; now requires an in-person VCPR again.
- Texas: Requires in-person exam to establish VCPR, but allows telemedicine after that.
- Virginia: Recently updated laws to support telemedicine under specific guidelines.
States Actively Advancing Telemedicine
These states are working toward making telemedicine more accessible:
- Michigan: Discussions ongoing to allow VCPR establishment via telemedicine.
- Arizona: Passed legislation allowing telemedicine with clear requirements.
- Colorado: Veterinary Board supports expansion under legal oversight.
- Florida: Considering updates to permit VCPR via virtual consults.
States with Strict Regulations
Some states require strict in-person interactions before any remote service is allowed:
- Alabama: Requires a VCPR from a physical exam only.
- Georgia: Does not recognize virtual VCPR.
- South Carolina: Requires veterinarians to see animals in person first.
Why It Matters for Pet Owners
Understanding your state’s laws can help optimize your pet’s care. If your vet offers telemedicine, ask:
- Do we need an in-person visit first?
- What services can be handled remotely?
- Are prescriptions authorized via telehealth?
Knowing the answer to “Which states allow veterinary telemedicine?” helps pet owners plan responsible, compliant care. As legislation continues to evolve, veterinary telehealth may become more widely accessible across all 50 states.
