Why Cats Rarely Get Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Ticks—especially those from the genus Ixodes (like deer and black-legged ticks)—pick up this bacterium when they feed on wildlife such as deer, rodents, or rabbits. These ticks can transmit Lyme disease to humans, dogs, and even cats. But here's the interesting part: cats are far less likely to develop Lyme disease than dogs or people.
The Biology Behind Feline Resistance
Cats seem to have a natural edge when it comes to avoiding Lyme disease. Their biology may make them less susceptible to infection in the first place. Scientists aren't entirely sure why, but it's thought that feline immune systems may be better at fighting off Borrelia burgdorferi or preventing it from causing illness.
Another factor could be that some tick species simply prefer attaching to dogs or humans over cats. This preference reduces how often cats are bitten by infected ticks in the first place.
The Power of Grooming
If you've ever watched a cat clean itself, you know they're meticulous groomers. This habit does more than keep their fur shiny—it also helps remove ticks before they can transmit bacteria. For Borrelia burgdorferi to infect a new host, the tick usually needs to stay attached for 24–48 hours. Because cats groom so frequently and thoroughly, they often remove ticks long before that window closes.
Exposure Matters: Indoor vs Outdoor Cats
Where a cat spends its time makes a big difference:
- Indoor cats: Have little to no exposure to tick-infested environments.
- Outdoor cats: Face higher risk, especially during peak tick seasons or in regions where ticks are common.
Still, even outdoor cats benefit from their grooming habits and biological defenses. However, all cats can potentially be exposed if ticks hitch a ride indoors on clothing or other pets.
When Cats Do Get Lyme Disease
It's rare—but not impossible—for a cat to develop symptoms of Lyme disease. Most exposed cats never get sick at all. In the unusual case that illness occurs, symptoms might include:
- Lameness in one or more limbs
- Fever
- Lack of appetite
- Tiredness or low energy
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Stiffness or swelling in joints/muscles
- Sensitivity to touch
- Kidney problems (such as increased urination or swelling)
- Trouble breathing
The signs are often vague and may not appear until weeks after a tick bite. Some infected cats show no visible symptoms at all.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Cats
If a veterinarian suspects Lyme disease based on symptoms and possible tick exposure, they'll use blood tests and antibody detection alongside clinical exams. Because it's so rare in cats, vets will also rule out more common causes like fractures or other infections.
Treatment typically involves antibiotics—most often doxycycline—for about a month. Pain relief or anti-inflammatory medications might also be prescribed for comfort. Most treated cats improve quickly if care starts early; however, untreated infections can cause lasting organ damage.
No Vaccine for Cats—Prevention Is Key!
No vaccine exists for feline Lyme disease. Prevention relies on reducing exposure and removing ticks promptly:
- Use veterinarian-recommended tick prevention products made specifically for cats (never use dog products).
- Check your cat for ticks after outdoor activity—focus on head, ears, neck, feet, armpits, and groin.
- If you find an attached tick: Remove it gently with tweezers close to the skin; avoid squeezing or burning it.
- Cleansing your home and yard helps minimize tick habitats (keep grass short and remove leaf litter).
- If you're unsure about products or removal techniques, ask your vet for guidance—cats are sensitive to many insecticides!
A Few More Facts About Feline Lyme Disease
- Cats can't directly transmit Lyme disease to humans—but infected ticks brought indoors could bite people later.
- No vaccine is available for cats; relapses are rare but possible since bacteria can persist in tissues.
- If you notice any concerning signs during tick season—or live in an area where ticks are active—contact your veterinarian promptly.
The bottom line? While exposure is possible and illness can happen rarely, most cats don't develop clinical Lyme disease thanks to their unique combination of grooming habits, lower exposure risk (especially for indoor pets), and possible biological resistance. Regular checks and safe prevention help keep your feline friend healthy year-round!
