Is the Bordetella Vaccine Optional for Dogs?
When it comes to protecting our furry friends from contagious diseases, vaccinations play a critical role. One vaccine that often prompts discussion among pet owners is the Bordetella vaccine. While it’s categorized as an
optional or non-core vaccination, many veterinarians strongly recommend it depending on the dog’s lifestyle and risk of exposure.
Bordetella bronchiseptica is the primary bacteria responsible for kennel cough, an illness officially known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis. Let’s take a deeper look into what this disease entails and the rationale behind offering or opting out of the Bordetella vaccine for your dog.
What Is Bordetella and Kennel Cough?
Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease among dogs. It is spread through aerosol droplets, direct contact, or contaminated surfaces like bowls, toys, and bedding. Dogs tend to contract the disease in areas of high canine traffic such as:
- Boarding facilities
- Dog parks
- Grooming salons
- Training classes
- Doggy daycares
Common symptoms include:
- Persistent, dry, honking cough
- Nasal discharge
- Lethargy
- Loss of appetite
- Occasionally, mild fever
While most cases of kennel cough are mild and resolve with rest, some can escalate into pneumonia, especially in
puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with weakened immune systems.
What Does the Bordetella Vaccine Do?
The
Bordetella vaccine is designed to protect dogs from Bordetella bronchiseptica, significantly reducing the risk of contracting the disease, minimizing symptoms, and preventing its spread to other dogs. It’s available in three forms:
- Intranasal spray
- Oral administration
- Injectable shot
Intranasal and oral vaccines can provide immunity in as little as 48–72 hours, while injections usually take about a week to become effective.
Vaccination Schedule
Puppies often receive their first dose of the Bordetella vaccine at
6 to 8 weeks of age, with a booster 3 to 4 weeks later. Adult dogs typically receive it:
- On an annual basis
- Or every six months if at high risk of exposure
When Is the Bordetella Vaccine Optional?
A dog’s lifestyle largely determines whether the Bordetella vaccine is necessary. It may be classified as optional if the dog:
- Rarely or never interacts with other dogs
- Spends most of its time at home
- Is not boarded or groomed professionally
However,
dogs that frequent places with other dogs should be vaccinated to reduce the likelihood of contracting or spreading the disease.
Situations Where Vaccination May Be Required
Many businesses that interact with dogs require proof of Bordetella vaccination:
- Boarding kennels
- Professional groomers
- Trainer classes
- Daycare facilities
In some cases, owners who choose not to vaccinate can sign a waiver, but this varies by facility.
Side Effects and Safety
Side effects of the Bordetella vaccine tend to be mild and temporary. These may include:
- Mild fever
- Lethargy
- Sneezing or nasal discharge (with intranasal form)
Serious reactions like anaphylaxis are rare but possible, requiring immediate veterinary attention. Symptoms include:
- Hives
- Facial swelling
- Breathing difficulties
- Vomiting or diarrhea
Should You Vaccinate Your Dog for Bordetella?
To answer this, consider the following questions:
- Does your dog interact with other dogs regularly?
- Do you board, groom, or train your dog in group settings?
- Is your dog young, elderly, or have a compromised immune system?
If you answered yes to any of those, vaccination is
strongly advisable.
Conclusion
The Bordetella vaccine is indeed an optional vaccination, but its importance should not be underestimated for dogs at risk due to social interaction. Discuss your pet’s daily habits, health status, and potential exposure with your veterinarian. Tailoring a vaccination plan helps not only your dog but also promotes broader canine community health.
