Understanding the 16 Dog Foods Linked to Canine Heart Disease
In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an investigation into cases of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious and potentially deadly heart condition in dogs. The concern arose from a notable increase in reports of dogs developing DCM that were not genetically predisposed to it. The common link appeared to be their diet—specifically, grain-free dog foods rich in legumes like peas, lentils, and chickpeas.
What Is Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)?
DCM is a condition where the heart becomes enlarged and weakened, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This can lead to heart failure and, in severe cases, sudden death. While breeds such as Doberman Pinschers and Boxers are naturally more prone to DCM, the FDA began receiving reports of the disease occurring in dogs outside these breeds.
FDA's Investigation and Methodology
Over the course of its investigation, the FDA collected data from veterinary records, pet food labels, and consumer reports to determine any connections between DCM and diet. Key focus areas included:
- Dog breed and genetic predisposition
- Specific food brands and recipes
- Ingredient profiles, particularly the use of legumes
- Feeding history and duration
In June 2019, the FDA released an update identifying 16 brands most frequently named in DCM cases.
The 16 Dog Food Brands Linked to DCM
- Acana
- Zignature
- Taste of the Wild
- 4Health
- Earthborn Holistic
- Blue Buffalo
- Nature’s Domain
- Fromm
- Merrick
- California Natural
- Natural Balance
- Orijen
- Nature’s Variety
- Nutrish (Rachael Ray)
- Nutro
- Holistic Select
It is important to note that the presence of these brands on the list does not confirm direct causation. Many of the implicated products were grain-free and featured high levels of legumes or potatoes as main ingredients.
Common Factors in the Implicated Diets
- Grain-free formulations
- High reliance on peas, lentils, chickpeas, or potatoes
- Marketing as 'boutique' or 'natural'
- Limited ingredient diets
Concerns Regarding Taurine Deficiency
Taurine, an amino acid, is crucial for heart health in dogs. Some breeds can produce taurine naturally, but others may require dietary sources. Grain-free diets with high pulse content might interfere with the body's ability to synthesize or absorb taurine, raising concerns about deficiency-related DCM.
What Pet Owners Should Do
- Consult your veterinarian about your pet’s specific dietary needs
- Consider a grain-inclusive diet unless medically contraindicated
- Monitor for signs of heart disease such as lethargy, coughing, or fainting
- Stay updated on FDA findings and use approved brands from reputable manufacturers
To date, the FDA has not issued a formal recall of these products but advises ongoing consultation with veterinary professionals. They aim to better understand the possible relationship between diet and DCM through continued research.
Conclusion
The FDA's investigation into canine heart disease and dog food underscores the importance of ingredient awareness and veterinary supervision in pet nutrition. While the identification of 16 brands raised concern, scientific research is still ongoing to determine definitive causes. In the meantime, dog owners are encouraged to base dietary decisions on science and professional guidance rather than just marketing claims.
