What Breeds Make Up an Old English Sheepdog?
The Old English Sheepdog is one of the most instantly recognizable dog breeds thanks to its thick shaggy coat, large size, and unmistakable rolling gait. Commonly called the “Bobtail,” this breed has a rich history dating back over 200 years in the West Country of England. Although the definitive ancestry of the Old English Sheepdog is not fully documented, it developed primarily from early herding and drover's dogs used to guide livestock to market.
Unraveling the Breed’s Origins
Unlike some modern breeds developed through controlled crossbreeding, the Old English Sheepdog evolved organically from working dog stock. It is widely believed that the breed originated from the selective breeding of several regional types of drover dogs and sheepdogs native to England in the 18th and 19th centuries. These likely included:
- The Bearded Collie: An intelligent and energetic herding dog that shares the Old English Sheepdog’s shaggy appearance.
- The Russian Owtchar (now extinct): Thought to have contributed to the breed’s large size and thick coat.
- Various European herding breeds: Including those introduced by traveling tradesmen and shepherds.
The breed’s exact lineage remains unclear because historic breeders did not keep detailed records. However, the traits selected—such as a strong herding instinct, good temperament, and weather-resistant coat—helped form the foundation of the Old English Sheepdog we know today. Over time, these dogs were refined into the purebred form recognized by kennel clubs globally.
Distinguishing Physical Traits
The Old English Sheepdog’s physical characteristics support its original role as a working dog. These include:
- Large, square body: Compact and muscular, ideal for covering uneven terrain with stability.
- Coat: A double-layered, weatherproof coat made up of a dense, soft undercoat and a long, shaggy outer layer called guard hairs.
- Colors: Predominantly gray, blue, or merle with white markings. Puppies are born black and white and lighten over time.
- Eyes: Brown, blue, or one of each, often covered by fur giving them a unique expression.
- Tail: Historically docked, earning the nickname "Bobtail," although docking is now discouraged due to welfare concerns.
Behavior and Temperament
The traits of early sheepdog breeds have left a lasting impression on the behavior of the Old English Sheepdog. Today, they are:
- Affectionate and loyal: Form strong bonds with their human families and thrive in a home environment.
- Playful and cheerful: Known for their clownish personalities and puppy-like demeanor well into adulthood.
- Protective but friendly: Naturally alert and vocal, often barking to announce visitors or changes in surroundings.
- Gentle with children: Excellent for families, though their size and herding instincts may warrant supervision with small kids.
Exercise and Grooming Needs
Due to their working-dog heritage, Old English Sheepdogs require significant care:
- Exercise: At least one to two hours of vigorous daily activity is essential to keep them happy and healthy.
- Mental Stimulation: Engage in obedience, agility, scent work, or herding trials to satisfy their intellect.
- Grooming: Their long coat demands daily brushing to prevent mats and tangles. Professional grooming and clippers can help maintain hygiene and comfort.
Health Considerations
Due to their genetic lineage and size, Old English Sheepdogs are prone to certain health conditions. These include:
- Hip dysplasia
- Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus)
- Genetic eye conditions: cataracts, retinal atrophy
- Congenital deafness
- Hypothyroidism
- Skin conditions: allergic dermatitis, mange
- Heart disease: dilated cardiomyopathy
- Diabetes and liver shunts
- Cancer risks: lymphoma, bone cancer
- Bleeding disorders and joint issues
Routine vet visits, health screening before breeding, and diligent care can extend their lifespan, which generally ranges from 10 to 12 years.
A Modern Companion
The Old English Sheepdog, once a rural worker, has become a cherished family companion. They adapt best to homes where they are not left alone for long periods, have plenty of space to roam, and receive ample attention. Though they are not hypoallergenic and can shed moderately, owners who commit to their care often find a joyful and loving friend for life.
Today, the breed continues to gain fans around the world thanks to its media appearances and lovable traits. Whether as a show dog or loyal family member, the Old English Sheepdog’s lineage of rugged herders lives on in every joyful bark and wag.
