Which Dogs Should Not Get the Bordetella Vaccine?
The Bordetella vaccine plays a vital role in protecting dogs against kennel cough, a widespread and highly contagious respiratory illness. While the vaccine has clear benefits, not all dogs require it. Understanding whether your dog needs this vaccine depends on several lifestyle and health factors.
Understanding Kennel Cough and Bordetella
Kennel cough, medically known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a respiratory disease involving a combination of viruses and bacteria. The primary bacterial agent is Bordetella bronchiseptica. It transmits through aerosol droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces, particularly where dogs congregate — such as boarding facilities, doggie daycares, grooming salons, and training classes.
When Vaccination is Typically Recommended
Most adult dogs and puppies who are often exposed to other dogs receive the Bordetella vaccine. It’s especially recommended when:
- Your dog attends dog parks, daycare, or training sessions;
- You board your dog or leave them in group care environments;
- Your vet or the facility you visit mandates the vaccine for admission.
Dogs That May Not Need the Bordetella Vaccine
Some dogs have such low risk of exposure to other dogs that the vaccine provides little benefit. Vaccination may not be necessary for:
- Homebound dogs: Dogs that stay mostly indoors or never interact with other dogs outdoors or in communal settings.
- Low-risk lifestyle dogs: Pets in rural or isolated settings where contact with unfamiliar dogs is extremely rare.
- Dogs with known vaccine sensitivities: Those with a history of allergic reactions to vaccines, especially anaphylaxis symptoms like swelling, vomiting, breathing trouble, or hives.
- Dogs with compromised immune systems whose vet advises against live vaccines.
Side Effects and Risks of the Bordetella Vaccine
Although side effects are generally mild, they do occur. The most common include:
- Mild fever
- Reduced appetite
- Lethargy
- Sneezing or nasal discharge (especially with the intranasal version)
- Tenderness or swelling at injection site
Serious reactions are rare but require immediate veterinary care. Pet owners should observe their dog closely following vaccination to watch for signs of an adverse reaction.
Important Considerations Before Vaccinating
- Evaluate your dog’s environment: If your dog doesn’t interact with others and is not at increased risk of exposure, vaccination may not be urgent.
- Understand facility policies: Some dog boarding and grooming enterprises may require the Bordetella vaccine for entry, even if risk appears low.
- Talk to your vet: They can best assess your dog’s individual health history and exposure risk before recommending the vaccine.
Bordetella Vaccine Types and Efficacy
The vaccine is available in three forms: injectable, oral, and intranasal. Oral and intranasal options typically offer faster immunity (in 48–72 hours), while injectable options may require around a week for effectiveness. The vaccine reduces the severity and duration of symptoms and helps prevent the disease from spreading.
Conclusion: Tailor Your Dog’s Vaccination Plan
Vaccines like Bordetella are useful tools, but not all dogs need them. If your pet lives a solitary lifestyle and has minimal interaction with unfamiliar dogs, the risks of contracting kennel cough — and the necessity of vaccination — are significantly reduced. However, even for low-contact pets, some facilities may still require it. Always consult with your veterinarian to develop the best vaccination schedule for your dog’s unique circumstances.
