The Biggest Cat You Can Legally Own in the US
Exotic pets have always sparked the interest of animal lovers, and big cats, with their power and grace, are no exception. However, owning such majestic creatures involves more than just fascination—complex legal boundaries, safety concerns, and ethical questions must be considered. This article explores the biggest cat you can legally own in the United States and what owning one entails.
Understanding Exotic Pet Laws in the US
Laws surrounding exotic pet ownership in the United States are complex and differ significantly from one state to another. These regulations are put in place to ensure public safety, protect wildlife from exploitation, and regulate the treatment of animals.
Three primary categories determine legality:
- Legal without a permit: In some states, you can own certain exotic pets without needing a license or permit.
- Legal with a license/permit: Several states require permits for owning exotic felines and often conduct inspections or enforce specific housing requirements.
- Illegal or banned: Many states explicitly prohibit ownership of big cats, especially species that pose risks to humans or are protected under federal law.
Big Cats and Their Classifications
Big cats generally include large feline species such as lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars, and cheetahs. However, from a legal ownership perspective, the term often encompasses smaller exotic cats as well.
Here is a quick overview of wild cat sizes from smallest to largest, and their general legal status:
- Serval: Native to Africa, weighing between 20–40 lbs. They are legal to own in many states and are considered the largest exotic cat you can legally own in most parts of the US. Their long legs and spotted coats resemble tiny cheetahs.
- Caracal: Larger than a serval, these cats are more muscular and weigh up to 40 lbs. Legal in fewer states than servals, caracals are strong and solitary.
- Lynx and Bobcats: Native to North America, weighing 25–40 lbs. Their legal status varies widely. Bobcats are legal in several rural states, whereas Canadian lynx have more restrictions.
- Tiger: Weighing over 400 lbs, tigers are among the largest cats in existence. Though once legally owned in Texas and Florida with permits, recent legislation, including the Big Cat Public Safety Act of 2022, has drastically limited private tiger ownership.
- Lion, Leopard, Jaguar, Cheetah: Individual ownership of these animals is almost universally banned or extremely limited. They are dangerous apex predators that require massive space and specialized care.
Serval: The Biggest Cat You Can Safely and Legally Own in Many States
Among legal exotic cats, the African Serval stands out as the largest that private individuals can own across most US states. Known for their long legs, large ears, and spotted fur, servals are wild animals that need ample outdoor enclosures and high-fenced spaces.
States Where Servals Are Legal Without a Permit:
- Nevada
- Wisconsin
- North Carolina
- Alabama
- South Carolina
States Requiring Permits: States like Texas, Pennsylvania, and Illinois allow serval ownership under strict guidelines which often require inspections, facility standards, and insurance proof.
Ownership Challenges and Responsibilities
Even if legal, owning a big cat doesn't mean it's easy or advisable. Servals and other exotic cats are not domesticated pets. They frequently require:
- Special diets: Often involving raw meats and whole prey.
- Veterinary specialists: Not all vets are equipped or licensed to treat exotic animals.
- Secure enclosures: Fencing at least 8 feet tall, strong materials, and natural enrichment are essential.
- Behavioral issues: Servals can be unpredictable, spray territorially, and are typically not litter-trained.
- Longevity: These cats can live over 20 years in captivity, posing a long-term commitment.
Legal Precedents and the Big Cat Public Safety Act
In 2022, the Big Cat Public Safety Act was signed into law in the US. This act makes it illegal to own big cats like lions and tigers as personal pets and sets minimum conditions for facilities holding such animals. It marked a turning point, channeling public and legislative concern over the safety risks and welfare of privately held exotic cats.
Alternatives to Big Cats
If you’re fascinated by exotic felines, consider these domestic hybrids or legal smaller cousins:
- Savannah cat: A hybrid between a domestic cat and a serval. Legal in most places, especially lower generation F4 or F5.
- Bengal cat: Bred from domestic cats and Asian leopard cats. Playful, spotted, and legal throughout the US in domesticated generations.
Final Thoughts
While exotic cats are undeniably captivating, owning one is a serious legal and ethical decision. If you’re searching for the biggest cat you can legally own in the US, the African Serval remains your top option in many states. Be sure to check local laws, consider animal welfare, and assess whether your lifestyle suits such a unique and demanding companion.
